【正文】 ntment, etc.) leave behind fail or fet to bring or take sth. 9. people who pletely abrogate their ambition aren’t all fun and games either () people who don’t have ambition at all are not always happy and relaxed fun and games light hearted and playful activities 10. sweet nothings () something pleasant but of no significance Ⅱ . Key to the exercises 1. F2. F 3. F4. T 5. T6. F7. T 8. F9. F10. T2 Text AIn the Beginning: God and Science Ⅰ . Background information 1. Lance Morrow University Professor。從一個人對休閑的態(tài)度可以看出他屬于哪類人。倘若一個人對社會給予他的差事不感興趣，干下去只是出于謀生和養(yǎng)家糊口的需要，那么此人就只是個雇傭勞動者?！? 這里說明一點，我并不是建議每個人報名參加尋找內(nèi)疚之旅。 沒有內(nèi)疚就等于沒有良知。 Ⅲ . Key to the exercises 1. Reading prehension (1) They think guilt is a bad thing for one’s psychology, and if you want to live with true liberation, you should get rid of the sense of guilt and try to believe everything and everybody is OK, no matter what you have done. (2) Under this kind of conception, people try to ignore the sense of guilt without finding out its real meaning in life. And it’ s somewhat like self deceiving to say everything is ok because in deeper conscience, people will still feel uneasy if sense of guilt is not dealt with properly. (3) Some people can go through their lives without a moment of guilt, while the other group of people may feel guilty just for being alive. (4) A sense of guilt, as well as a sense of duty, can urge us to do the right thing when we may not feel like doing it. In that way, a sense of guilt is the great civilizer of our basic conscience and the maintainer of our behavior. (5) You can either change the opinion of a perfect image so that you’ll feel less guilty when failing to achieve something, or change the behavior in a way that is more in accord with your right conscience.(1) They think guilt is a bad thing for one’s psychology, and if you want to live with true liberation, you should get rid of the sense of guilt and try to believe everything and everybody is OK, no matter what you have done. (2) Under this kind of conception, people try to ignore the sense of guilt without finding out its real meaning in life. And it’ s somewhat like self deceiving to say everything is OK because in deeper conscience, people will still feel uneasy if sense of guilt is not dealt with properly. (3) Because Lady Macbeth was driven mad by her sense of guilt after she conspired to kill King Duncan, so she was used here to portray the “ horrible, pit ofthe stomach sense” of the guilt. (4) Some people can go through their lives without a moment of guilt, while the other group of people may feel guilty just for being alive. (5) These two friends both felt guilty for neglecting their mothers, but as to the real fact of the neglecting, one just didn’t call home everyday。為避免內(nèi)疚于心，我們便不去做壞事。什么該做什么不該做，今天一個新觀念就可能和根深蒂固的老觀念相沖突。 8. With that sort of success, guilt was ripe for revival. () When guilt is successfully eliminated, it’s also the time for it to be brought back. 9. Furthermore, we did not want to join the legions who conquered their guilt en route to new depths of narcissistic rottenness. () What’s more, we would never be one of those who give up their guilt while being more and more deteriorated in their excessive admiration of themselves. 再說了，有很多征服內(nèi)疚感的人在自我陶醉的深淵中越陷越深，我們是不愿與之為伍的。 Education Institute presented her with their American Woman Award. 2． Freud Freud may justly be called the most influential intellectual legislator of his age. His creation of psychoanalysis was at once a theory of the human psyche, a therapy for the relief of its ills, and an optic for the interpretation of culture and society. Despite repeated criticisms, attempted refutations, and qualifications of Freud’s work, its spell remained powerful well after his death and in fields far removed from psychology as it is narrowly defined. If, as the American sociologist Philip Rieff once contended, “psychological man” replaced such earlier notions as political, religious, or economic man as the 20th century’ s dominant self image, it is in no small measure due to the power of Freud’s vision and the seeming inexhaustibility of the intellectual legacy he left behind. 3． Karl Menninger (1893 1990) founder of the Menninger Foundation for Psychiatric Education and Research. As director of education of the foundation, besides training other theapists, he wrote many works, among which are The Human Mind (1930), Man Against Himself (1938), and Whatever Became Of Sin? (1973) 4． Reverend TillotsonJohn Tillotson (1630 1694), chaplain to Charles Ⅱ and a prominant preacher of his age. He supported the Revolution of 1688 and was apointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 1691. 5． David Riesman American sociologist and author most noted for The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character (with Reuel Denney and Nathan Glazer, 1950), a work dealing primarily with the social character of the urban middle class. “The lonely crowd” became a catchphrase denoting modern urban society in which the individual feels alienated. Also entering mon speech were the labels he applied to two of the three character types that he identified in the book: “ innerdirected” and “ other directed.” According to Riesman’s theory, in preindustrial societies having a high potential for population growth (., medieval Europe), the typical individual is “ traditiondirected,” his personal values being determined by the traditions of a highly structured society or by power relations within its major divisions, such as classes, professions, castes, or clans. These values are characteristically passed intact from one generation to another. When the population is growing but has not reached the stage of crowding (., western Europe from the Renaissance to the early 20th century), the “ inner directed” individual predomina