工程外文翻譯---政策主要機(jī)構(gòu)的影響-wenkub
2023-05-19 03:27:24 本頁面
【正文】 n only be delivered by a national,political mitment (see Box ).As wesemann observes, there is sufficient evidence to show that freemarket mechanisms are no substitute for government intervention when it es to providing greater safety(71). The role of government Historically, in most highlymotorized countries, governmental responsibilities for traffic safety policy fall within the transport ministry or the police department. Other government departments such as those of justice, health, planning and education may also have responsibilities for key areas. In some instances, vehicle safety standards are handled by the department (or ministry) of industry. Trinca et al . in their historical analysis of how governments have dealt with road safety conclude that in many cases the institutional arrangements for traffic safety have been fragmentary and lacking a strong lead, and that road safety interests have been submerged by other peting interests. The experience of several countries indicates that effective strategies for reducing traffic injury have a greater chance of being applied if there is a separate government agency with the power and the budget to plan and implement its programme(34).Examples of standalone traffic safety agencies are limited. However, in the 1960s, Sweden and the United States created traffic safety bodies, separate from the main transport departments, that oversaw the implementation, in a relatively short period of time, of a range of new road safety interventions. The Swedish Road Safety Office(SRSO) was established in the late 1960s, with responsibility for road safety. Though it lacked significant powers or resources, the number of road deaths between 1970 and the mid1980s was reduced each year. In 1993, the SRSO merged with the more powerful and betterresourced Swedish National Road Administration(SNRA), to which the ministry of transport and munications delegated full responsibility for road safety policy. In the United States against a background of sharply rising road casualties the Highway Safety Act of 1970 created a traffic safety agency, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA). NHTSA delivered the first set of vehicle safety standards and encouraged a new way of thinking about traffic safety strategy. The agency is responsible for reducing deaths, injuries and economic losses resulting from motor vehicle crashes. It aims to acplish this by setting and enforcing safety performance equipment, and by providing grants to state and local governments to enable them to conduct effective local road safety programmes. NHTSA investigates safety defects in motor vehicles, helps states and local munities deal with the
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