工程外文翻譯---政策主要機(jī)構(gòu)的影響-展示頁(yè)
2025-05-27 03:27本頁(yè)面
【正文】 g grants to state and local governments to enable them to conduct effective local road safety programmes. NHTSA investigates safety defects in motor vehicles, helps states and local munities deal with the threat posed by drunken drivers, promotes the use of safety belts, child safety seats and air bags, and provides consumer information on motor vehicle safety topics. NHTSA also conducts research on traffic safety and driver behaviour. While giving responsibility for road safety to a standalone agency is likely to increase the priority given to road safety, strong political support and actions from other agencies are essential to bring about major changes(72). If the establishment of a standalone agency to coordinate activity is not possible, then an alternative is to strengthen the existing road safety unit, giving it greater powers within the government transport ministry(34). The experience from a wide rang of countries is that, whatever the organizational structure, it is important that the lead governmental organization for road safety should be clearly defined,with its specific responsibilities and coordinating roles set out (66,72). Parliamentary mittees Experience worldwide demonstrates that effective road safety policies can also arise out of the efforts of informed and mitted members of parliament. In the Australian state of New South Wales in the early 1980s, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Road Safety was responsible for the introduction and full implementation of random breath testing, which led to a 20% reduction in deaths and according to surveys was supported by over 90% of people. Earlier, in the neighbouring state of Victoria, political action and a report by a parliamentary mittee had led to the world39。隨著基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的發(fā)展，行人和其他道路使用者的安全得到不斷提高。他們的任務(wù)是鼓勵(lì)行人注意在公共道路上的安全。大型公共場(chǎng)所已將公共場(chǎng)所或停車(chē)場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)換為行人專(zhuān)用區(qū)，并且興建了新的人行道和人行天橋。如今，已有 95％的司機(jī)已開(kāi)始遵守這些規(guī)則。起初，只是警告，司機(jī)會(huì)被告知要改變他們的行為。 在節(jié)目中，默劇廣泛應(yīng)用于整個(gè)波哥大的網(wǎng)站中。主要措施包括佩戴安全帶和觀察行人過(guò)街。該研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)個(gè)人的行為可以增加交通傷害的危險(xiǎn)，由此制定了交通安全的公民教育課程。 1998 年，哥倫比亞國(guó)立大學(xué)受委托進(jìn)行了交通事故的研究。司機(jī)未能通過(guò)測(cè)試的車(chē)輛將被扣押美元并罰款 150 元。探員一旦采取行動(dòng)舞弊被發(fā)現(xiàn)將給予解雇處分。次年，調(diào)節(jié)流量和執(zhí)行規(guī)則的責(zé)任移交給了首都警察，其中超過(guò) 1000 名交警和 500 名輔助交通員進(jìn)行了職責(zé)分配。 提高執(zhí)法性能和圖像交警的使用 2020 年在許多情況下，誰(shuí)未能執(zhí)行交通法規(guī)的警察，都被替換。 第一項(xiàng)政策措施是設(shè)定暴力和罪行的一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)是由法醫(yī)學(xué)和科學(xué)學(xué)院設(shè)計(jì)的，用于收集暴力和交通引起的死亡資料 ，特別是碰撞。 哥倫比亞的波哥大致力于減少交通事故 波哥大，哥倫比亞的首都，一個(gè)擁有七百萬(wàn)居住人口的大城市，經(jīng)過(guò)了 1995到 2020 這八年時(shí)間，不斷地?cái)U(kuò)大實(shí)施政策的范圍，減少了道路交通事故的致命傷害和由于外因而引起的非致命傷害。合理的制度環(huán)境必須建立在道路預(yù)防傷害上，專(zhuān)業(yè)人員和決策者，都應(yīng)該相互鼓勵(lì)，執(zhí)行立法機(jī)關(guān)的規(guī)定，提供一個(gè)刺激和有效的反應(yīng)制度。第一次會(huì)議取得了圓滿的成功，基于強(qiáng)烈的證據(jù)，并且參考前有使用安全帶通過(guò)的法例規(guī)定，精選出了新的道路安全政策。他們的工作為道路交 通安全作出了寶貴的貢獻(xiàn)。維多利亞州的這一法律規(guī)定于 1971 年正式開(kāi)始生效，在該年年底，汽車(chē)乘員死亡人數(shù)就已經(jīng)下降了 18％，而到 1975 年人數(shù)下降到 26％。 80 年代初，澳大利亞的新南威爾士州州議會(huì)常設(shè)委員會(huì)來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)道路交通的安全，引進(jìn)并全面實(shí)施隨機(jī)呼氣測(cè)試系統(tǒng)，這一舉措使現(xiàn)在的死亡人數(shù)降低了20％，據(jù)調(diào)查， 90％的人都支持這一措施。 我們可以從一個(gè)疆域遼闊的國(guó)家，
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