【正文】 一、語法 Grammar amp。 Usage SubjectVerb Agreement (I) 1．主謂一致的三條原則 1）語法一致，即在語法形式上取得一致。 Human beings enjoy learning. Everybody?s understanding is inplete. 2）意義一致，即根據(jù)意義來處理一致關(guān)系。 The people there are fighting for the independence of their country. The dollars was a lot of money at that time. 3)就近原則，即謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。 There is a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box. Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer. 2．集體名詞作主語時與動詞的一致 1）當主語為 furniture， equipment， machinery等詞時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。 The furniture in that shop is all made in China. Office equipment is very expensive nowadays. A lot of new machinery has been installed. 2）集體名詞如 people， cattle， police， poultry，等往往作復(fù)數(shù)用。 Some people drive madly in this country. Many cattle have died because of the fold. The police have been sent there but they have not made any arrests yet. Poultry are plentiful in that mountain region. 3)family, government, class, mittee, audience , team, public 等詞被視做一個整體時，其后的動詞作單數(shù)；被視做為構(gòu)成整體的個體時，其后的動詞則為復(fù)數(shù)。 His family is a happy one. His family are all interested in stampcollecting. The Democratic Government is in power now. The government is/are considering further tax cuts. The audience was very quite when he was giving his speech. The audience were shouting and laughing when he came into the hall. Our class is the top class in the grade. The class are busy taking notes. 3．并列主語與動詞的一致 1）當 “名詞 +名詞 ”表示一種事物時，用單數(shù)動詞。 Bacon and eggs is a very popular British breakfast. Toast and marmalade (果醬面包 ) is my favorite breakfast. Fish and chips (炸魚與土豆片 ) is served every day. 2）當主語是由 and， both ….and 連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，如果主語所指的不是一種事物，動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Jack and Mary are in love with each other. Both Tom and John are absent today. War, famine and drought have claimed thousands of lives in that country. 3)在又 or或 nor連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式一般與 or 或 nor 后邊的名詞或代詞保持一致。 He or his brothers are to blame for this. Either you or your friend has to pay the bill. Either his father or his mother es to see him every day. When couples quarrel, (either) the wife or the husband has to give in. Neither she nor you are mistaken. Neither the manager nor the clerks are college graduates. 4) not only … but also 連接的結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時，動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依據(jù) but also 后的名詞或代詞。 Not only Fred but also his parents love this small pet dog. Not only the boys but also their mother is very ell. 課后練習(xí) Translate the following into English. 1) Use the verb + noun collocation. 出席會議 to attend a meeting 干的不錯 to do a good job 體驗苦難 to experience bitterness 自學(xué)英語 to teach oneself English 發(fā)現(xiàn)奇跡 to discover wonders 忍住咳嗽 to hold back one?s cough 掌握技能 to master skills 獲取知識 to acquire knowledge 需要勇氣 to require courage 豐富生活 to enrich one?s life 接受修正 to accept rectification 改正錯誤 to correct mistakes 不再指望 to cherish no hope 作出努力 to make efforts 2)Use the “useful expressions”. ，一名工程師和兩名地方官員為此受到刑事起訴。 The collapse of the big newlybuilt bridge led to criminal prosecution against an engineer and two local government officials. ，午飯都沒動。 He worked all day, leaving his lunch untouched. 育運動使學(xué)生身體強壯，更好的適應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)，決不是浪費時間。 Far from being a waste of time, regular sports activities make students physically strong and deal with their study better. ，海豹和海豚能夠表演各種技巧，逗的小觀眾們樂不可支。 The seals and dolphins in the Sea World are capable of various acting techniques, and this makes children audience overjoyed. 。 Those who take delight in other people?s pain will suffer retribution sooner or later. ，那部新字典有不少地方需要改進。 In some respects, that new dictionary has much to be improved. ，許多小朋友被困在里邊。 When that bush rushed out of the road and turned over, many children got trapped in it. ，市政府將為一千多明來賓提供飲食。 At the opening ceremony, the municipal government will provide food and drink for more than 1,000 guests. ，城市家庭只允許生一個孩子。 In China, every urban family is restricted to only one child. ，去哪里并不重要。 As long as we can get a little rest, is doesn?t matter where we go. 3)Use learn, ask and teach. 。 That boy asked the policeman how to get to the railway station. 。 There are no shortcuts to learning a foreign language. 。 Learning that my favourite maths teacher is still teaching in that school, I decided to visit him. 。 This veteran worker taught his children to be honest. 。 He asked his boss whether he could leave off work a little earlier that day. 。 Difficulties and hardships teach us to be grateful for all that we have already had. 求到西藏去工作一年。 On his graduation, he asked to work in Tibet for one year. ，也希望受到他人的關(guān)心，我的要求并不過分。 All I want to do is just to show my care for others, and I hope to be treated in the same way by others. I am not asking too much. 。 Wise men learn lessons from their own mistakes. 10. 求援是沒有用的，因為已經(jīng)早過了午夜。 Since it is well after midnight, there is no point in asking for help. 。 That scientist taught his students that young people should be gearing themselves for the future. ，她說 “學(xué)習(xí) ”。 When asked what was the greatest pleasure in her life, she replied “l(fā)earning” LESSON 2 SubjectVerb Agreement (II) 1)當主語是表示數(shù)目、時間、重量、距離等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，如果該名詞所表示的數(shù)量看作一個整體，其后的動詞用單數(shù)。 Ten seconds of silence appears very awkward on television. A thousand dollars a month is more than I can afford. Four years I too long for me to wait. Sixty miles is a short run in a car. 2) 當主語是表示數(shù)目、時間、重量、距離等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，如該名詞所表示的數(shù)量看作單個個體，其后的動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The past three weeks were the hardest time in his life. Hundreds of buildings were put up in the city last year. Five kilos of apples are placed into the basket. 3) 當主語為 “分數(shù)或百分數(shù) +of+名詞 ”時，其后的動詞形式依照 of 后名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來定。 Threefourths of the surface of the earth is sea. Threefourths of the people do not agree with the president. Onefourth of the region is underdevelop