【正文】
細(xì)胞周期及其調(diào)控(di224。o k242。nɡ),徐朝陽(ch225。oy225。ng) 細(xì)胞生物學(xué)教研室,第一頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,前言(qi225。n y225。n),細(xì)胞周期及其調(diào)控(di224。o k242。nɡ)的重要性 細(xì)胞周期及其調(diào)控的復(fù)雜性,第二頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,細(xì)胞周期,細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控(di224。o k242。nɡ),細(xì)胞周期與醫(yī)學(xué)(yīxu233。),通過(tōnggu242。)三部分的學(xué)習(xí)了解細(xì)胞周期,第三頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,細(xì)胞周期,第四頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,基本概念,第五頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,1.細(xì)胞周期的基本概念,細(xì)胞周期(cell cycle) 細(xì)胞周期是細(xì)胞增殖周期的簡(jiǎn)稱,指細(xì)胞從分裂結(jié)束后開始生長(zhǎng)(shēngzhǎng),到再次分裂終了所經(jīng)歷的全過程。,第六頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,2.細(xì)胞周期的基本(jīběn)階段,第七頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,3.機(jī)體(jītǐ)細(xì)胞的狀態(tài),第八頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,細(xì)胞周期 的主要(zhǔy224。o)事件,第九頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,1. G1期動(dòng)態(tài)(d242。ngt224。i),早G1期:細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng) R點(diǎn):分裂(fēnli232。)決定 晚G1期:復(fù)制準(zhǔn)備,細(xì)胞周期時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短主要(zhǔy224。o)由G1期決定,第十頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,2.S期動(dòng)態(tài)(d242。ngt224。i),DNA合成(h233。ch233。ng) 染色質(zhì)組裝 中心粒復(fù)制,第十一頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,中心(zhōngxīn)體的復(fù)制和分離,第十二頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,3.G2期動(dòng)態(tài)(d242。ngt224。i),復(fù)制檢查(jiǎnch225。) 分裂準(zhǔn)備,第十三頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,G1G2期主要物質(zhì)(w249。zh236。)的合成,第十四頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,4.M期動(dòng)態(tài)(d242。ngt224。i),染色體分離(fēnl237。) 胞質(zhì)分裂,第十五頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控(di224。o k242。nɡ),第十六頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,分裂期細(xì)胞(左)與G1期細(xì)胞(右)融合后產(chǎn)生的混合細(xì)胞。 來自分裂期細(xì)胞的因子引起間期細(xì)胞的核膜收回進(jìn)入內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)(圖中可見核膜消失)。這些因子也造成(z224。o ch233。nɡ)了G1期細(xì)胞染色體凝聚。,中期細(xì)胞(x236。bāo)內(nèi)可擴(kuò)散因子的存在可以誘導(dǎo)間期細(xì)胞(x236。bāo)進(jìn)入有絲分裂,第十七頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,Entry into the Cell Cycle,Cell Growth: increase in mass Cell Proliferation: cell division,The “growth cycle” and the “cell division cycle” are inextricably linked Checkpoints and sensors monitor growth cycle,第十八頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, WA, USA,Imperial Cancer Research Fund London, United Kingdom,Imperial Cancer ResearchFund London, United Kingdom,第十九頁(yè),共八十一頁(yè)。,The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly to Leland Hartwell, Tim Hunt and Paul Nurse for their discoveries of “key regulators of the cell cycle“. Using genetic and biochemical methods, they identified the molecules CDK and cyclin that control the cell cycle in eukaryotic organisms. These fundamental discoveries have a profound impact on many aspects of biology and medicine.,CDK and cyclin are key molecules that control and coordin