【正文】 第一篇：經(jīng)濟學原理 曼昆課后答案 chapter 6Problems and Applications the price ceiling of $40 per ticket is below the equilibrium price, then quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied, so there’s a shortage of policy decreases the number of people who attend classical music concerts, since supply is lower because of the lower imposition of a binding price floor in the cheese market is shown in Figure the absence of the price floor, the price would be P1 and the quantity would be the floor set at Pf, which is greater than P1, the quantity demanded is Q2, while quantity supplied is Q3, so there is a surplus of cheese in the amount Q3$ quantity of beer sold declines to the payroll tax paid by firms and using part of the extra revenue to reduce the payroll tax paid by workers would not make workers better off because the division of the burden of a tax depends on supply and demand, not who must pay the the tax wedge would be larger, it’s likely that both firms and workers, who share the burden of any tax, would be worse the government imposes a $500 tax on luxury cars, the price paid by consumers will rise less than $500, in burden of any tax is shared by both producers and consumers190。the price paid by consumers rises and the price received by producers falls, with the difference between the two equal to the amount of the only exceptions would be if the supply curve were perfectly elastic or the demand curve were perfectly inelastic, in which case consumers would bear the full burden of the tax and the price paid by consumers would rise by exactly $ doesn’t matter whether the tax is imposed on producers or consumers190。the effect will be the no tax, as shown in Figure 66, the demand curve is D1 and the supply curve is the tax is imposed on producers, the supply curve shifts up by the amount of the tax(50 cents)to the equilibrium quantity is Q2, the price paid by consumers is P2, and the price received(after taxes are paid)by producers is P250 66Figure 67 more elastic is the demand curve, the more effective this tax will be in reducing the quantity of gasoline elasticity of demand means that quantity falls more in response to the rise in the price of 67 illustrates this curve D1 represents an elastic demand curve, while demand curve D2 is more get the same tax wedge between demand and supply requires a greater reduction in quantity with demand curve D1 than for demand curve consumers of gasoline are hurt by the tax because they get less gasoline at a higher in the oil industry are hurt by the tax as a lower quantity of gasoline being produced, some workers may lose their a lower price received by producers, wages of workers might 68 shows the effects of the minimum the absence of the minimum wage, the market wage would be w1 and Q1 workers would be the minimum wage(wm)imposed above w1, the market wage is wm, the number of employed workers is Q2, and the number of workers who are unemployed is wage payments to workers are shown as the area of rectangle ABCD, which equals wm times increase in the minimum wage would decrease size of the effect on employment depends only on the elasticity of elasticity of supply doesn’t matter, because there’s a surplus of increase in the minimum wage would increase size of the rise in unemployment depends on both the elasticities of supply and elasticity of demand determines the quantity of labor demanded, the elasticity of supply determines the quantity of labor supplied, and the difference between the quantity supplied and demanded of labor is the amount of the demand for unskilled labor were inelastic, the rise in the minimum wage would increase total wage payments to unskilled inelastic demand, the percentage decline in employment would be less than the percentage increase in the wage, so total wage payments , if the demand for unskilled labor were elastic, total wage payments would decline, since then the percentage decline in employment would exceed the percentage increase in the 68Figure 69Figure 69 shows the effect of a tax on gun tax reduces the demand for guns from D1 to result is a rise in the price buyers pay for guns from P1 to P2, and a decline in the quantity of guns from Q1 to 610 610 shows the effect of a tax on gun tax reduces the supply of guns from S1 to result is a rise in the price buyers pay for guns from P1 to P2, and a decline in the quantity of guns from Q1 to 611 shows the effect of a binding price floor on increase in price from P1 to Pf leads to a decline in the quantity of guns from Q1 to is excess supply in the market for guns, since the quantity supplied(Q3)exceeds the quantity demanded(Q2)at the price 611 612Figure 612 shows the effect of a tax on tax on ammunition reduces the demand for guns from D1 to D2, because ammunition and guns are result is a decline in the price of guns from P1 to P2, and a decline in the quantity of guns from Q1 to aimed at making the public aware of the dangers of smoking reduce the demand for cigarettes, shown in Figure 613 as a shift from demand curve D1 to price support program increases the price of tobacco, which is the main ingredient in a result, the supply of cigarettes shifts to the left, from S1 to effect of both programs is to reduce the quantity of cigarette consumption from Q1 to 613 bined effect of the two programs on the price of cigarettes is education campaign reduces demand for cigarettes, which tends to reduce the tobacco price supports raise the cost of production of cigarettes, which tends to increase the taxation of cigarettes further reduces cigarette consumption, since it increases the price to shown in the figure, the quantity falls to effect of a 50 cent per cone subsidy is to shift the demand curve up by 50 cents at each quantity, since at each quantity a consumer’s willingness to pay is 50 cents effects of such a subsidy are shown in Figure the subsidy, the price is the subsidy, the price received b