【正文】 ”這句話(huà)對(duì)還是錯(cuò)？解釋原因。達(dá)到市場(chǎng)均衡時(shí)的供給量、需求量、均衡價(jià)格都會(huì)下降。9 ．給市場(chǎng)均衡下定義，描述使市場(chǎng)向均衡變動(dòng)的力量。因?yàn)镻opeye 的收入減少了，他對(duì)菠菜的需求量 反而增大了。由于各自提供的產(chǎn)品不同，每個(gè)企業(yè)對(duì)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格都有一定的影響力。第二篇市場(chǎng)如何運(yùn)作第四章供給與需求的市場(chǎng)力量復(fù)習(xí)題 1 ．什么是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)？簡(jiǎn)單描述一種不是完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)?！?答：錯(cuò)。C ．“如果某種貿(mào)易能給某人帶來(lái)好處，那么，它就不會(huì)也給另一個(gè)人帶來(lái)好處。答：因?yàn)閮蓢?guó)的機(jī)會(huì)成本都比原先下降了，生產(chǎn)時(shí)間節(jié)省了（巴西：6040=20 分鐘；秘魯：10075=25 分鐘）9 ．下列表述正確還是錯(cuò)誤？分別做出解釋。答：巴西的普通工人有絕對(duì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)樗a(chǎn)1 盎司咖啡用時(shí)（60 分鐘）比秘魯?shù)钠胀üと耍?5 分鐘）少。而中國(guó)在提高生產(chǎn)率之前，兩國(guó)進(jìn)行的是垂直貿(mào)易。由此可見(jiàn)，貿(mào)易使中國(guó)和美國(guó)所能消費(fèi)的產(chǎn)品增加，兩國(guó)都獲益了。因此，美國(guó)在生產(chǎn)電腦上有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，中國(guó)在生產(chǎn)襯衣上有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，所以中國(guó)將出口襯衣。假定沒(méi)有貿(mào)易，每個(gè)國(guó)家的工人各用一半的時(shí)間生產(chǎn)兩種物品，在你的圖上標(biāo)出這一點(diǎn)。6 ．下表描述了Baseballia 國(guó)兩個(gè)城市的生產(chǎn)可能性： A ．沒(méi)有貿(mào)易時(shí)，波士頓一雙白襪子的價(jià)格（用紅襪子表示）是多少？芝加哥1 雙白襪子的價(jià)格是多少? 答：沒(méi)有貿(mào)易時(shí)，波士頓1 雙白襪子的價(jià)格是1 雙紅襪子，芝加哥1 雙白襪子的價(jià)格是2 雙紅襪子。B ．如果英格蘭和蘇格蘭決定進(jìn)行貿(mào)易，蘇格蘭將用哪種商品與英格蘭交易？解釋原因。加拿大應(yīng)該接受這項(xiàng)交易，因?yàn)樗辜幽么罂上M(fèi)的物品總量增加了。這兩種物品機(jī)會(huì)成本之間互為倒數(shù)關(guān)系。在貿(mào)易中，他會(huì)選擇生產(chǎn)清涼飲料并與帕特交換比薩餅。B ．如果Pat 和Kris 互相交換食物，誰(shuí)將用比薩餅換取清涼飲料? 答：Pat 將用比薩餅換清涼飲料。所以，貿(mào)易使兩個(gè)國(guó)家的狀況都變得更好。E ．哪個(gè)國(guó)家在生產(chǎn)汽車(chē)上具有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)? 在生產(chǎn)糧食上呢? 答：美國(guó)在生產(chǎn)糧食上有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，日本在生產(chǎn)汽車(chē)上有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)。A．根據(jù)這種情況，做出類(lèi)似于(教材)圖3—1（a）幅的表格。她每天學(xué)習(xí)5 小時(shí)。只要他支付給邁克高于10 美元低于5 萬(wàn)美元的工錢(qián)，雙方的狀況都會(huì)更好。可以看出，阿里在這兩件事上都有絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。這幾種情況如下圖所示。概括出現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，并描述委員會(huì)建議的政策。它們是命令式的，在建議政府應(yīng)該怎樣做。C、D 屬于規(guī)范表述。6 ．把下列每種表述分別歸人實(shí)證表述或規(guī)范表述，并解釋。B ．畫(huà)出這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的生產(chǎn)可能性邊界。 三個(gè)工人把他們所有的時(shí)間都用于割草。這就是清潔的環(huán)境與高收入之間的權(quán)衡取舍。因此，再少生產(chǎn)一門(mén)大炮，所帶來(lái)的黃油數(shù)量的增加也是很微小的。鴿黨會(huì)選擇D 點(diǎn)，多生產(chǎn)黃油而少生產(chǎn)大炮。在這種情況下，最適于生產(chǎn)大炮的資源已經(jīng)用于大炮行業(yè)，經(jīng)濟(jì)為每一千克黃油所放棄的大炮數(shù)量的增加是微不足道的。A ．畫(huà)出大炮與黃油的生產(chǎn)可能性邊界。答：屬于過(guò)程(4)和(8)，消費(fèi)者在物品與勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)消費(fèi)品，支出貨幣。從原則上講，可以通過(guò)檢驗(yàn)證據(jù)而確認(rèn)或否定實(shí)證描述。由于某種原因，該經(jīng)濟(jì)所生產(chǎn)的小于它用所得到的資源能生產(chǎn)的。L1 表示正常情況下該經(jīng)濟(jì)的生產(chǎn)可能性邊界。所有的模型都是建立在假設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)上的，它們忽略掉了大量不會(huì)對(duì)研究結(jié)果有實(shí)質(zhì)性影響的細(xì)節(jié)，向我們說(shuō)明什么是真正重要的。16答：我要了解通貨膨脹率、失業(yè)率、通貨膨脹和失業(yè)各自對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生的影響有多大，即通貨膨脹率每增加一個(gè)百分點(diǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)有多大的反應(yīng)，失業(yè)率每增長(zhǎng)一個(gè)百分點(diǎn)會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生多大的沖擊，以及抑制通貨膨脹的措施對(duì)失業(yè)率的影響程度，還要估算通貨膨脹與失業(yè)的權(quán)衡取舍在不同的政策措施下會(huì)維持多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。14答：高儲(chǔ)蓄使銀行可以有更多的資金貸給企業(yè)，于是企業(yè)可以從銀行那里獲得更多更便宜的貸款投入到生產(chǎn)中去，擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模、引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)和設(shè)備、培訓(xùn)工人、改善生產(chǎn)條件等等。但這樣做會(huì)以降低效率為代價(jià)，每個(gè)人都擁有最好的醫(yī)療保健，人們就不會(huì)為了爭(zhēng)取好的醫(yī)療保健條件而努力工作，會(huì)降低工作的激勵(lì)。D答：出于關(guān)注效率的動(dòng)機(jī)，市場(chǎng)失靈是由于市場(chǎng)勢(shì)力。11A對(duì)有線電視頻道的價(jià)格進(jìn)行管制。9答：我們倆各自承擔(dān)自己擅長(zhǎng)的工作比我們平均分?jǐn)們煞N家務(wù)時(shí)，我要花費(fèi)的時(shí)間少了，因?yàn)閶故斓募记墒构ぷ餍侍岣摺Ｒ驗(yàn)橹挥卸噘u(mài)一加侖飲料的額外收益大于它的額外成本時(shí)，多賣(mài)一加侖飲料才是有利可圖的。3答：去滑雪的真實(shí)成本是周六打工所能賺到的工資，我本可以利用這段時(shí)間去工作。C答：開(kāi)一家新廠可以擴(kuò)大企業(yè)規(guī)模，生產(chǎn)更多的產(chǎn)品。9答：通貨膨脹是流通中貨幣量的增加而造成的貨幣貶值，由此產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中價(jià)格總水平上升。當(dāng)一個(gè)人不完全承擔(dān)(或享受)他的行為所造成的成本(或收益)時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生外部性。通過(guò)貿(mào)易使每個(gè)國(guó)家可供消費(fèi)的物質(zhì)財(cái)富增加，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況變得更好。it is outside the production possibilities B is feasible but inefficient because it?s inside the production possibilities 26 both Hawks and Doves reduced their desired quantity of guns by the same amount, the Hawks would get a bigger peace dividend because the production possibilities frontier is much steeper at point H than at point a result, the reduction of a given number of guns, starting at point H, leads to a much larger increase in the quantity of butter produced than when starting at point Figure shape and position of the frontier depend on how costly it is to maintain a clean environment190。第一篇：經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理 曼昆課后答案 chapter 6Problems and Applications the price ceiling of $40 per ticket is below the equilibrium price, then quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied, so there’s a shortage of policy decreases the number of people who attend classical music concerts, since supply is lower because of the lower imposition of a binding price floor in the cheese market is shown in Figure the absence of the price floor, the price would be P1 and the quantity would be the floor set at Pf, which is greater than P1, the quantity demanded is Q2, while quantity supplied is Q3, so there is a surplus of cheese in the amount Q3$ quantity of beer sold declines to the payroll tax paid by firms and using part of the extra revenue to reduce the payroll tax paid by workers would not make workers better off because the division of the burden of a tax depends on supply and demand, not who must pay the the tax wedge would be larger, it’s likely that both firms and workers, who share the burden of any tax, would be worse the government imposes a $500 tax on luxury cars, the price paid by consumers will rise less than $500, in burden of any tax is shared by both producers and consumers190。the productivity of the environmental in environmental productivity, such as the development of a noemission auto engine, lead to shifts of the productionpossibilities frontier, like the shift from PPF1 to PPF2 Hawks might choose a point like H, with many guns and not much Doves might choose a point like D, with a lot of butter and few in the 27A family?s decision about how much ine to save is effect of government regulations on auto emissions is impact of higher saving on economic growth is firm?s decision about how many workers to hire is relationship between the inflation rate and changes in the quantity of money is statement that society faces a shortrun tradeoff between inflation and unemployment is a positive deals with how the economy is, not how it should economists have examined data and found that there?s a shortrun negative relationship between inflation and unemployment, the statement is a fact, thus it?s a positive statement that a reduction in the rate of growth of money will reduce the rate of inflation is a positive have found that money growth and inflation are very closely statement thus tells how the world is, and so it is a positive statement that the Federal Reserve should reduce the rate of growth of money is a normative states an opinion about something that should be done, not how the world statement that society ought to require welfare recipients to look for jobs is a normative doesn?t state a fact about how the world , it is a statement of how the world should be and is thus a normative statement that lower tax rates encourage more work and more saving is a positive have studied the relationship between tax rates and work, as well as the relationship between tax rates and ?ve found a negative relationship in both the statement reflects how the world is, and is thus a positive of the statements in Table 22 are clearly are: “ the federal budget is to be balanced, it should be done over the business cycle rather than yearly” and “ government should restructure the welfare system along the lines of a ?negative ine tax.?” Both are suggestions of changes that sh