【正文】 第一篇：歷年考研英語翻譯真題22002年英譯漢試題(31)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.(32)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.(33)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.(34)They are the possessions of the autonomous(selfgoverning)man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.(35)Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our (36)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.(37)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(38)The emphasis on data gathered firsthand, bined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.(39)Tylor defined culture as “...that plex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”(40)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and (41)The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(42)We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.(43)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their (44)Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society.(45)Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyedand perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(47)In Europe, as elsewhere, multimedia groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.(49)Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice(50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”2006年英譯漢試題(51)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(蘇格拉底)way about moral problems.(52)His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.(53)I have excluded him because, while his acplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.(54)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.(55)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral (56)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.(57)On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and ment on the news.(58)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.(59)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a petent job on political stories.(60)While ment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own (61)he believes that this very difficulty may have had the pensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.(62)He asserted, also, that his