【正文】 power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.(63)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.(64)He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the mon run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”(65)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral (66)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience。but this effect is not a part of its original motive.(67)Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.(68)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.(69)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a mon life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.(70)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of educationthat of direct tuition or (71)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.(72)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.(73)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species.(74)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the nonmercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest munity, to be preserved as such ,within reason.(75)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land munity that lack mercial value, but that are essential to its healthy (76)Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all sharethat because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughtsand reveal its erroneous nature(77)while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”(78)This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.(79)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.(80)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us。where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we bee authorities of what is , when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes onethat, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various otherfundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression?！緟⒖甲g文】然而，看著無家可歸者繪制出的花園圖片時，人們會突然想到，盡管這些花園風(fēng)格多樣，它們都顯示了人類除了裝飾和創(chuàng)造性表達之外的其他各種基本訴求 sacred placeof peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed toshelter, which is a distinctly animal need?！緟⒖甲g文】無論地方多么簡陋不堪，尋求一片靜謐圣土是人類特有的需求，而動物需要的僅是僅是避難棲息之地。 gardens ofthe homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urbanenvironment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such?！緟⒖甲g文】無家可歸者的樂園，實際上是一個毫無家氣息的地方，給城市環(huán)境帶來了一種新的形式。無家可歸者描繪的花園實質(zhì)上是無所依附的，這些花園把一種形式引入城市環(huán)境中，而這樣的城市環(huán)境中，形式要么根本不存在，要么就完全不是以這種明顯的方式存在。 of usgive in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychologicalconditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppressionvanish as if by magic?！緟⒖甲g文】我們大多數(shù)人會深陷于精神萎靡的狀態(tài)，并常常將此歸咎為一些心理原因，直到某天我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己置身花園中，感到如魔法般煩悶盡消 is thisimplicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of theword garden, though in a “l(fā)iberated” sense, to describe these syntheticconstructions。【參考譯文】正是對自然的這種或隱晦含蓄或清晰直白的提及，充分證實了用“花園”一詞來描述這些虛擬建筑是合乎情理的，即使是從毫無拘泥的意義來講的。第二篇：復(fù)旦大學(xué)歷年考研真題復(fù)旦大學(xué)新聞學(xué)研究生考試歷年真題()714新聞基礎(chǔ)一、名詞解釋（839。*3）1新聞要素2信息娛樂（infotainment）3《二十世紀(jì)之支那》二、簡答（1239。*3）1《傳媒的四種理論》2群體具有很大的作用，其影響傳播過程的手段和方式。3北洋軍閥統(tǒng)治時期新聞法制的特點三、論述（3039。*3）1什么是“軟實力”和“國家形象”？結(jié)合近年我國國際傳播的實際，說明??（才過一天我就忘了麼）2什么是媒介間議程設(shè)置？新媒體環(huán)境下，我國媒介議程設(shè)置有何特點？3鄒韜奮的生涯820新聞實務(wù)一、簡答（1039。*4）1新聞價值和新聞?wù)叩年P(guān)系2網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體對傳統(tǒng)媒體新聞的加工有哪些手段3新聞記者應(yīng)該如何妥善運用自己的實名微博4采寫批評性報道的注意事項二、論述（2539。*2）1我國報紙應(yīng)該如何報道十八屆三中全會《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》2結(jié)合實例或?qū)嶋H，論述新聞敏感的內(nèi)容和培養(yǎng)途徑三、操作（3039。*2）1將通訊改寫成消息，500字以內(nèi)，制作主體類標(biāo)題。給出的材料是中央巡視組巡視之后的反饋，一首一尾外加主體是十個組分別的反饋情況。2根據(jù)給出材料寫500左右的評論，需要有評論標(biāo)題。材料如下：大學(xué)新生到校先交免責(zé)協(xié)議東莞理工城市學(xué)院：協(xié)議是宿舍文明約定南方日報訊（見習(xí)記者/靳延明記者/吳少敏）昨日，東莞理工學(xué)院城市學(xué)院5000多名新生完成報到，他們踏入校園的第一件事，就是與校方簽訂《學(xué)生管理與學(xué)生自律協(xié)議書》。協(xié)議書明確：“學(xué)生本人對自殺、自傷引起的后果承擔(dān)責(zé)任”。進校園先交協(xié)議書一個月前，來自潮州的李軍收到錄取通知書，發(fā)現(xiàn)一同寄來的還有《學(xué)生管理與學(xué)生自律協(xié)議書》。協(xié)議書第三章第二十七條共列舉了5種由學(xué)生承擔(dān)責(zé)任的情況，其中第5項協(xié)議規(guī)定，學(xué)生本人對自殺、自傷引起的后果承擔(dān)責(zé)任。這位大一新生很反感：“這個就相當(dāng)于學(xué)校給你提供吃、住的場所，但不顧你是否健康成長。我們在學(xué)校出事了，學(xué)校難道沒有一點責(zé)任？”在14日和昨日開學(xué)報到的兩天里，5000多名新生同時把這份由學(xué)生與家長簽訂好的協(xié)議書交給校方。條款引起學(xué)生熱議不久前，在東莞理工學(xué)院城市學(xué)院，一名男生因求愛不成而在宿舍里刀捅女生。為此，協(xié)議書引起了新生的議論。一名新生說，“我覺得怪怪的，覺得學(xué)校缺乏人文關(guān)懷，只會用冷冰冰的協(xié)議來推卸責(zé)任。”一名新生家長對這項規(guī)定表示不滿，他說，自己把孩子送到這里，是希望學(xué)校有個安全的環(huán)境，讓家長放心，放手讓孩子成長，“如果孩子在學(xué)校出事了，我們第一反應(yīng)會找學(xué)校要說法，畢竟我們信任這個學(xué)校，才將孩子送到這里?！辈贿^，也有學(xué)生表示理解，因為大學(xué)生自殺和自傷可以由很多因素造成，例如感情問題、家庭問題、人際問題等，這些因素不一定全是學(xué)校造成的。大學(xué)生過了18周歲就成年了，有對自己負(fù)責(zé)的義務(wù)。大部分學(xué)校會提供心理健康咨詢，但有些同學(xué)有自閉傾向，不愿咨詢。這些同學(xué)如果有自殺、自傷行為，就應(yīng)該自己負(fù)責(zé)。校方稱簽協(xié)議早存在記者就此事采訪了校方相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人。該負(fù)責(zé)人告訴記者，協(xié)議的意義類似“溫馨提示”，是對學(xué)生的文明約定，目的是告知新生在宿舍需要注意的事項，從而實現(xiàn)要求自律的目的。例如，學(xué)生不遵守宿舍紀(jì)律，攀爬陽臺而掉到樓下受傷，那就要自負(fù)責(zé)任了。該負(fù)責(zé)人表示，這份協(xié)議書的條款存在多年了，并