【正文】 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 ) 題 目 菲涅耳公式的研究與應(yīng)用 學(xué) 院 專業(yè)班級(jí) E 學(xué)生姓名 E 指導(dǎo)教師 成 績(jī) 2021 年 5 日畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） I 摘 要 光從一種介質(zhì)進(jìn)入另一種介質(zhì)時(shí)，會(huì)在兩介質(zhì)的界面發(fā)生折射和反射現(xiàn)象，且其振幅和位相會(huì)發(fā)生變化。菲涅耳公式能完美地 解釋光在兩種均勻透明介質(zhì)的界面反射和折射時(shí)，振幅、位相、偏振態(tài)、光能量的變化規(guī)律。本文先介紹了人們對(duì)光的本質(zhì)的認(rèn)識(shí)歷程，菲涅耳對(duì)光學(xué)發(fā)展的巨大貢獻(xiàn)，之后利用麥克斯韋的電磁理論的邊值關(guān)系導(dǎo)出菲涅耳公式，很好地去詮釋光的電磁本性。介紹電矢量的矢量分解以及分矢量的正向規(guī)定和振動(dòng)特性，詳細(xì)地討論分析了該公式的變化規(guī)律，另附圖加以說(shuō)明以增強(qiáng)直觀性，并運(yùn)用其解釋如半波損失、反射起偏、全反射等光學(xué)現(xiàn)象。最后就其在光學(xué)領(lǐng)域特別是在光的偏振、薄膜光學(xué)、電子信息光學(xué)的廣泛應(yīng)用作了詳盡的探討。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：菲涅耳公式；位相；偏振； 振幅；應(yīng)用 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） II Abstract Light from one medium into another medium, the refraction and reflection phenomena in the interface of two media, and its amplitude and phase changes. Fresnel formula can perfectly explain the variation of the light in the two kinds of uniform and transparent media interface reflection and refraction, amplitude, phase, polarization state, light energy. This article first describes the course of people39。s understanding of the nature of light, and the tremendous contribution of the Fresnel optical development and use of Maxwell39。s electromagic theory of boundary value relations export Fresnel formula to the interpretation of the electromagic nature of light. And the electric vector of the vector deposition and subvectorforward provisions and vibration characteristics, detailed discussion and analysis of the variation of the formula of the other drawings to illustrate to enhance intuitive, and the use to explain, such as halfwave loss, cloth Confucian Manchester law, total internal reflection, optical phenomena. Finally, in the field of optics in particular, is widely used in the polarization of light, thin film optics, electronics and information optics, made a detailed discussion and research. Key words: Fresnel formula； Phase。polarization。Amplitude。 Application 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） III 目 錄 摘要 ............................................................................................................................................. I Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... II 緒論 ............................................................................................................................................ 1 第 1 章 菲涅耳公式 ................................................................................................................ 2 菲涅耳的貢獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................................ 2 菲涅耳公式的推導(dǎo) .................................................................................................... 3 s 光的菲涅耳公式 .............................................................................................. 4 p 光的菲涅耳公式 ............................................................................................. 5 第 2 章 菲涅耳公式的討論 .................................................................................................... 6 振幅的變化規(guī)律 ........................................................................................................ 6 位相的變化規(guī)律 ........................................................................................................ 7 偏振度和布儒斯特定律 ............................................................................................ 8 反射率和透射率 ...................................................................................................... 10 理論分析 ........................................................................................................... 10 實(shí)驗(yàn)探究 ........................................................................................................... 12 全反射 ........................................................................................................................ 13 第 3 章 菲涅耳公式的應(yīng)用 .................................................................................................. 15 在干涉中的應(yīng)用 ...................................................................................................... 15 在光的偏振中的應(yīng)用 .............................................................................................. 15 在薄膜光學(xué)中的應(yīng)用 .............................................................................................. 16 單層膜 ............................................................................................................... 17 雙層膜 ............................................................................................................... 20 在光信息傳播中的應(yīng)用 .......................................................................................... 22 棱鏡 ................................................................................................................... 22 光學(xué)纖維 ........................................................................................................... 23 結(jié)論 .......................................................................................................................................... 24 參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................................................................................................. 25 致謝 .......................................................................................................................................... 26 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 1 緒 論 如同其他的科學(xué)，光學(xué)的發(fā)展十分曲折，在 17 世紀(jì)以前，光學(xué)幾乎沒(méi)有發(fā)展。開(kāi)普勒、斯涅耳、費(fèi)馬等為光學(xué)的發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。牛頓和惠更斯的工作使光學(xué)進(jìn)入一個(gè)進(jìn)步的發(fā)展道路。而微粒說(shuō)在解釋衍射現(xiàn)象時(shí)遇到困難?；莞箯墓夂吐暤囊恍┈F(xiàn)象相似出發(fā)，認(rèn)為光是在以太中傳播的波。然而當(dāng)時(shí)人們并沒(méi)有 認(rèn)清楚光的本質(zhì)。菲涅耳等人在惠更斯的理論基礎(chǔ)提出光的彈性波動(dòng)理論，菲涅耳為了解釋光在兩種介質(zhì)表面反射時(shí)，振幅、位相、偏振態(tài)的變化導(dǎo)出了菲涅耳公式。在現(xiàn)代光學(xué)中尤其是在信息光學(xué)中人們對(duì)光的了解不再局限于光強(qiáng)，而是光包含的所有信息如位相、偏振態(tài)，但是光在傳播過(guò)程中這些信息會(huì)發(fā)生變化，尤其是光從一種介質(zhì)進(jìn)入另一種介質(zhì)，原始信息會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的變化，而菲涅耳公式能給出光的變化規(guī)律。因此應(yīng)用菲涅耳公式不單可以還原光的原始信息，而且可以得到想要的光。例如產(chǎn)生一束線偏振光或者圓偏振光。菲涅耳公式被廣泛應(yīng)用到大氣光學(xué)、海洋光學(xué) 、激光技術(shù)、光