【正文】 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 題 目 穴盤苗自動移栽機(jī)的研制 畢業(yè)設(shè)計誠信聲明 我謹(jǐn)在此保證：本人所做的畢業(yè)設(shè)計，凡引用他人的研究成果均已在參考文獻(xiàn)或注釋中列出。設(shè)計說明書與圖紙均由本人獨立完成，沒有抄襲、剽竊他人已經(jīng)發(fā)表或未發(fā)表的研究成果行為。如出現(xiàn)以上違反知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的情況，本人愿意承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任。 聲明人（簽名）： 20xx年 05 月 18 日 摘 要 近年來，隨著設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，溫室穴盤育苗技術(shù)快速 發(fā)展 ，為移栽的大面積應(yīng)用 創(chuàng)造了條件。但是，由于移栽作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)多，技術(shù)要求高，用工量 約 為直播的 5～ 8 倍，在溫室生產(chǎn)勞動力短缺的情況下，加之傳統(tǒng)的移栽方式為裸根苗移栽，移栽后作物的成活率和生長狀況等沒有保證，因而實現(xiàn)溫室穴盤苗移栽機(jī)械化、自動化已成為設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的迫切需要。 穴盤苗自動移栽機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，本論文首先參閱了與穴盤苗自動移栽機(jī)相關(guān)的研究文獻(xiàn)，并結(jié)合機(jī)械原理、機(jī)械設(shè)計等知識對穴盤苗自動移栽機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計。 通過查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)得知，穴盤苗自動移栽機(jī)的最主要功能部件是末端執(zhí)行器 ，并且末端執(zhí)行器的結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜。為了實現(xiàn)高效精準(zhǔn)的移栽作業(yè)， 對末端執(zhí)行器進(jìn)行 了 準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，同時對其進(jìn)行 了 運動學(xué)仿真分析 。 對 穴盤苗自動移栽機(jī)其他功能部件的設(shè)計參考了生產(chǎn)實踐中的實際情況，充分了解了生產(chǎn)中對移栽機(jī)功能的需求。 在對整臺穴盤苗自動移栽機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)有了大致構(gòu)思后，運用 Creo 軟件對移栽機(jī)各組成裝置進(jìn)行三維建模，并虛擬裝配成移栽機(jī)三維模型。之后，再在 Creo軟件中進(jìn)行運動學(xué)仿真分析，確定移栽機(jī)的整個工作過程是否達(dá)到要求。 最后，對本論文所做的研究工作進(jìn)行總結(jié)，并提出對課題進(jìn)一步研究的設(shè)想和展望。 關(guān)鍵詞 :穴盤苗自動移栽機(jī)；末端執(zhí)行器；結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計；運動學(xué)仿真分析 Abstract In recent years, with the rapid development of facility agriculture, the greenhouse tray seedling technical develops rapidly and creates conditions for the widespread application of transplanting. However, transplanting operation has too many links and requires high technic. Besides, the employment quantity is about 5~8 times of the direct seeding and the labor of greenhouse production is in short supply .And under the condition of the tradition way of naked root transplanting ,the survival rate and growth condition of the crops can’t be guaranteed. So, the mechanization and automation of the transplanting of tray seeding has bee an urgent need of the agricultural production. The structure of the automatic seedling transplanter is plex. So, this thesis refers to the research literature about the automatic seedling transplanter first, and then designs the structure of the automatic seedling transplanter, bining with the knowledge of the Machines and Mechanisms as well as The Machine Design. By the way of consulting the relevant literature, I know the most important function part of the automatic seedling transplanter is the end effector, and the structure of the end effector is more plicated. In order to achieve the aim of having an efficient and accurate transplanting, we must have an accurate structure design of the automatic seedling transplanter and carry on an kinematics simulation analysis. The design of the other function parts of the automatic seedling transplanter should refer to the actual situation in production practice and I should fully understand the demand of the function of the transplanter in production. Under the condition of having a rough idea of the whole structure, I can use the software Creo to build the 3D model of the transplanter‘ s each device. Then， I carry on an kinematics simulation analysis in the software Creo to determine whether the whole process of transplanting meets the requirement. At last, I should summarize the work done in this article, and put forward ideas and prospects for further research. Key words: automatic seedling transplanter。 end effector。 structure design。 kinematics simulation analysis I 目 錄 摘 要 Abstract 第一章 緒論 .................................................................................................................. 1 本課題研究的背景及意義 ..................................................................................... 1 國內(nèi)外移栽機(jī)研究現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................................ 2 國外研究現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................. 2 國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................. 5 我國研制穴盤苗移栽機(jī)的必要性 .......................................................................... 8 論文研究的主要內(nèi)容和方法 ................................................................................. 8 第二章 移栽機(jī)研究前期工作 .................................................................................... 10 實地考察 ........................................................................................................... 10 葉菜栽培的主要模式 .......................................................................................... 10 傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)田栽培模式 .................................................................................... 10 水培模式 .................................................................................................. 11 穴培模式 .................................................................................................. 12 葉菜移栽的需求分析 .......................................................................................... 13 水培模式下的移栽 .................................................................................... 13 傳統(tǒng)模式下的移栽 .................................................................................... 13 移栽方案選擇 .................................................................................................... 14 穴盤苗與穴盤苗物理特性研究 ........................................................................... 14 育苗穴盤的選擇 ....................................................................................... 14 育苗基質(zhì)成分 ........................................................................................... 15 穴盤育苗方法 ........................................................................................... 15 穴盤苗重量的測量 .................................................................................... 16 第三章 穴盤苗移栽機(jī)的總體方案設(shè)計 .................................................................... 18 盤庫裝置 ........................................................................................................... 18 移栽裝置 .................................................................................