【正文】 International Project Management 國際工程項目管理 青島理工大學(xué)管理學(xué)院 周建亮 博士 Mail: Chapter3 Project Scope Management Create WBS The WBS is a deliverableoriented hierarchical deposition of the work to be executed by the project team, to acplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables. The WBS anizes and defines the total scope of the project. The WBS subdivides the project work into smaller, more manageable pieces of work, with each descending level of the WBS representing an increasingly detailed definition of the project work. The planned work contained within the lowestlevel WBS ponents, which are called work packages, can be scheduled, cost estimated, monitored, and controlled. Create WBS: Tools and Techniques Work Breakdown Structure Templates ? Although each project is unique, a WBS from a previous project can often be used as a template for a new project, since some projects will resemble another prior project to some extent. For example, most projects within a given anization will have the same or similar project life cycles and, therefore, have the same or similar deliverables required from each phase. Many application areas or performing anizations have standard WBS templates. ? The Project Management Institute Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures provides guidance for the generation, development, and application of work breakdown structures. This publication contains industryspecific examples of WBS templates that can be tailored to specific projects in a particular application area. A portion of a WBS example, with some branches of the WBS deposed down through the work package level, is shown in Figure of next page. Deposition Deposition is the subdivision of project deliverables into smaller, more manageable ponents until the work and deliverables are defined to the work package level. The work package level is the lowest level in the WBS, and is the point at which the cost and schedule for the work can be reliably estimated. The level of detail for work packages will vary with the size and plexity of the project. Deposition may not be possible for a deliverable or subproject that will be acplished far into the future. The project management team usually waits until the deliverable or subproject is clarified so the details of the WBS can be developed. This technique is sometimes referred to as rolling wave planning. Deposition Steps Deposition of the total project work generally involves the following activities: ? Identifying the deliverables and related work ? Structuring and anizing the WBS ? Deposing the upper WBS levels into lower level detailed ponents ? Developing and assigning identification codes to the WBS ponents ? Verifying that the degree of deposition of the work is necessary and sufficient. Create WBS: Outputs 1 Project Scope Statement (Updates) ? If approved change requests result from the Create WBS process, then the project scope statement is updated to include those approved changes. Create WBS: Outputs 2 Work Breakdown Structure ? The key document generated by the Create WBS process is the actual WBS. Each WBS ponent, including work package and control accounts within a WBS, is generally assigned a unique identifier from a code of accounts. These identifiers provide a structure for hierarchical summation of costs, schedule, and resource information. ? Other structures used in some application areas or other Knowledge Areas include: ? Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS). ? Bill of Materials (BOM). ? Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS).. ? Resource Breakdown Structure (RBS).