第四節(jié)--詞類轉(zhuǎn)移法(已修改)
2025-08-17 10:46 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 第四節(jié) 詞類轉(zhuǎn)移法He moved astonishingly fast.He moved with astonishing rapidity.His movements were astonishingly rapid.His rapid movements astonished us.His movements astonished us by their rapidity.The rapidity of his movements was astonishing.The rapidity with which he moved astonished us.He astonished us by moving rapidly.He astonished us by his rapid movements.He astonished us by the rapidity of his movements.She picked her pen up off the floor． 副詞(adverb) 她從地上揀起鋼筆。 We climbed slowly up the hill． 介詞(preposition) 我們慢慢地往山上爬。 Inflation is up by 2％． 形容詞(adjective) 通貨膨脹上升了2％。 Kevin seems to be on an up now．I hope it lasts． 名詞(noun) 凱文現(xiàn)在好像心情不錯(cuò)。希望他一直這樣。 They have upped their offer by a further 5％． 動(dòng)詞(verb) 他們把報(bào)價(jià)又抬高了5％。在翻譯時(shí)，由于兩種語(yǔ)言在語(yǔ)法和習(xí)慣表達(dá)上的差異，在保證原文意思不變的情況下，譯文必須改變?cè)~類，這就叫詞類轉(zhuǎn)移法。這種方法不僅指詞類的改變，而且還包括詞類作用的改變和一定詞序的變化。當(dāng)然主要是指詞類的變化，如原文中的名詞可以轉(zhuǎn)移成譯文中的動(dòng)詞等詞類。眾所周知，語(yǔ)言是個(gè)無(wú)限制生成的系統(tǒng)，在翻譯實(shí)踐中，詞類轉(zhuǎn)移的情形也是千變?nèi)f化的。重要的是，要知道在翻譯中為了保證譯文忠于原文并使譯文合乎表達(dá)習(xí)慣，可以改變?cè)~類。下面所舉的例子可以說(shuō)明詞類轉(zhuǎn)移的一些常用情況。He banged out. =He became very angry, and he went out shutting the door loudly.1．語(yǔ)言這個(gè)東西不是隨便可以學(xué)好的，非下苦功不可。 The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort．這句話的英譯文應(yīng)該說(shuō)是忠實(shí)而地道的，但分析一下漢英文中的詞類，卻很少是對(duì)應(yīng)的。原文中的詞類到了譯文中，差不多都發(fā)生了變化：“學(xué)好”是動(dòng)詞，意思上相應(yīng)的英文詞mastery是名詞；“隨便”是副詞，意思上相應(yīng)的英文詞是作表語(yǔ)的easy，等等。假若譯文中的英文詞類、詞序都與漢語(yǔ)完全相同，不作任何改變，那么這就不成一句英文句子了。2．In those years the Republicans were in． 那些年是共和黨執(zhí)政。 (介詞→動(dòng)詞)3．The music is a gas． 這音樂(lè)妙極了。 (名詞→形容詞)4．A week after his prelude to the President’s visit, China was in． 在他為總統(tǒng)出訪所作的序幕之行后一周，中國(guó)成了最時(shí)新的話題。(介詞→名)5．Saud was a frustrated man at that time． 沙特那時(shí)已受挫折。 (形→動(dòng))6．The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries． 貿(mào)易的巨增給兩國(guó)帶來(lái)了益處。 (動(dòng)+副→形+名)7．Independent observers have mented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction． 有獨(dú)立見(jiàn)解的觀察家們對(duì)你們?cè)谶@方面取得的成就給予了很好的評(píng)價(jià)。 (動(dòng)+副→動(dòng)+形+名)8．Traditionally，there had always been good relations between them．它們之間一直有著傳統(tǒng)的友好關(guān)系。 (副→形)9．Our age is witnessing a profound political change.我們的時(shí)代是深刻的政治變化的見(jiàn)證。 (動(dòng)→名)10．We have known a similar past of humiliation and exploitation． 在過(guò)去，我們都同樣遭受到凌辱和剝削。 (形→副)11．We are enemies of all wars，but above all of dynastic wars． 我們反對(duì)一切戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，特別是反對(duì)王朝戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 (系表結(jié)構(gòu)+of→動(dòng))12．Differences between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their rapprochement and cooperation． 各國(guó)社會(huì)制度不同，但不應(yīng)妨礙彼此和睦與相互合作。 (to be+名+介→動(dòng))13．His real mission in life was to contribute，in one way or another，to the overthrow of capitalist society． 他一生的真正使命是想辦法為推翻資本主義社會(huì)而作出貢獻(xiàn)。 (名+of→動(dòng))14．No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back 36 years ago． 難怪老一輩的許多人見(jiàn)了這個(gè)就會(huì)想到36年前的往事。 (名+of短語(yǔ)→動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu))15．There is a big increase in
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