【正文】
新生兒血?dú)夥治雠c病情危重程度相關(guān)性分析摘要目的:總結(jié) NICU 新生兒實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查結(jié)果,分析其與危重程度和預(yù)后的相關(guān)性,為臨床衡量病情輕重和判斷預(yù)后提供實(shí)驗(yàn)室依據(jù)。方法:收集重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬兒童醫(yī)院 2015 年 7月至 12月 NICU 收治的資料完整的 250 例新生兒的病例資料,對(duì)其一般情況、實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查結(jié)果(包括血常規(guī)、血糖、電解質(zhì)及血?dú)夥治觯┻M(jìn)行回顧性分析,比較不同危重組和不同預(yù)后組的各種實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查結(jié)果。結(jié)果:(1)本研究250例新生兒,男性患兒178例,女性患兒72例;%;早產(chǎn)兒占 %,足月兒占 %;平均出生體重為(177。)g,其中超低出生體重兒、極低出生體重兒、低出生體重兒、正常出生體重兒和巨大兒分別占 %、%、%、%和 %。(2)所有患兒中主要診斷為新生兒肺炎和 NRDS 的患兒占 %;治愈組、好轉(zhuǎn)組和死亡或放棄組分別占 %、%和 %;%患兒住院天數(shù)在 14d 之內(nèi);根據(jù) NCIS 評(píng)分,其中極危重者 4 例(%),危重者 169 例(占 %),非危重者 77 例(占 %)。(3)日齡≤3d,白細(xì)胞減少、正常和增多者分別占 %、%和 %。日齡>3d,白細(xì)胞減少、正常和增多者分別占 %、%和 %;足月兒中中性粒細(xì)胞減少占 %(25/96 例),早產(chǎn)兒中性粒細(xì)胞減少占 %(26/152 例)。(4)所有患兒平均 pH 值 177。,pH 值降低者占 %。血乳酸波動(dòng)于 ~15mmol/L,<2mmol/L 者占 %(18/250 例),2~5mmol/L 者占 %(129/250 例),>5mmol/L 者占 %(103/250例),其中乳酸酸中毒占所有患兒的 %。HCO3波動(dòng)在 3~,HCO3降低者占 %。(5)除了在新生兒危重病例評(píng)分中已包括的實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)外,WBC、ANC、血乳酸和 HCO3在不同危重等級(jí)組間比較有顯著的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<),隨著危重程度加重,WBC、ANC 和血乳酸升高,而 HCO3降低。(6)在所有實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)中,pH 值和乳酸在不同預(yù)后組之間比較有顯著的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<),死亡或放棄組的 pH 值最低,好轉(zhuǎn)組的 pH 值最高,而死亡或放棄組的血乳酸水平最高,治愈組的血乳酸水平最低。結(jié)論:(1)NICU 患兒主要以早期新生兒、早產(chǎn)兒及低體重新生兒為主,病因大多為呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病。(2)絕大多數(shù) NICU 患兒存在不同程度的血?dú)馕蓙y,包括 pH 值及 HCO3降低,血乳酸水平升高或乳酸酸中毒。(3)血乳酸水平和 NCIS 有顯著的相關(guān)性,危重程度越重,血乳酸水平越高。(4)血乳酸水平和預(yù)后也有顯著的相關(guān)性,預(yù)后越差,血乳酸水平越高。故血乳酸水平測(cè)定對(duì)新生兒危重病例早期診斷是一項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)易而靈敏的指標(biāo),并對(duì)預(yù)后判斷有一定幫助,有望成為 NCIS 中的又一衡量病情輕重的量化指標(biāo)。關(guān)鍵詞:新生兒;重癥監(jiān)護(hù)病房;血?dú)夥治?;病情危重評(píng)分;相關(guān)性AbstractObjective: To summarize the results of laboratory examination of neonatal NICU, analyze its correlation with the severity and prognosis of the clinical measure of the severity and prognosis judgment and provide laboratory evidence.Methods: collection of the children39。s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2015 to 12 months in NICU data of 250 cases of neonatal clinical data, on the general situation, laboratory test results (including blood routine, blood glucose, electrolytes and blood gas analysis of) were retrospective analysis, parison of different risk reorganization and different prognostic groups of laboratory tests.Results: (1) the study of 250 cases of neonatal, 178 cases of male patients, 72 cases of children with women。 early neonatal accounted for %。 premature children accounted for %, fullterm infants accounted for %。 average birth weight was ( + G, the ultra low birth weight infants, very low birth weight infants, low birth weight infants and normal birth weight and macrosomia accounted for %, %, %, % and %. (2) all children in primary diagnosis for children with neonatal pneumonia and NRDS %。 cure group, improved group and death or abandon the group accounted for %, % and %。 % in hospitalization time in 14 days。 according to NCIS score, which critically severe in 4 cases (%), critical, 169 cases (%), non critical, 77 cases (%). (3) days of age less than or equal to 3D, leukopenia, and normal increase accounted for 1%, % and %. Day old 3D, decreased white blood cells, normal and increased respectively, accounting for %, % and %。 reduction in neutrophils in fullterm infants accounted for % (25/96 cases), preterm infants neutrophil decrease accounted for % (26/152 cases). (4) the average pH value of all the patients was + , and the pH value decreased by %. Fluctuation of blood lactic acid to ~ 15mmol / L, 2 mmol / L % and % (18/250 cases), 2 to 5 mmol / L % (129/250 cases) and 5 mmol / L % (103/250 cases), the lactic acidosis accounted for % of all patients. HCO3 fluctuations in 3 ~ HCO3, (5) except in the neonatal critical illness score have been included in the laboratory indexes, WBC and ANC, blood lactic acid and HCO3 in different critical levels between groups had significant statistical difference (P ), along with the aggravation of the severity, WBC and ANC and elevation of blood lactic acid and HCO3 reduced. (6) in all laboratory indexes, pH and lactate between different prognostic groups pared with significant statistical difference (P ), death, or give up group the pH minimum and improvement group the pH value was the highest, and death or give up group of blood lactic acid level the highest cure group of blood lactic acid level was the lowest.Conclusion: (1) NICU in children mainly in the early newborn, premature and low birth weight newborns, the cause of the disease is mostly respiratory diseases. (2) most NICU patients have different levels of blood gas disorder, including pH and HCO3, the level of blood lactic acid or lactic acidosis. (3) there was a significant correlation between the level of blood lactic acid and NCIS, the more severe the critical degree, the higher the level of blood lactic acid. (4) there was a significant correlation between blood lactic acid level and prognosis, the worse the prognosis, the higher the level of blood lactic acid. It is a simple and sensitive index to measure the blood lactic acid levels in the early diagnosis of neonatal critical cases, and it is helpful for the prognosis of the patients, and it is expected to be another measure of the severity of the disease in NCIS.Keywords: newborn。 intensive care unit。 blood gas analysis。 critical illness score。 correlation引言在醫(yī)療技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展的過程中,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)相對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的二、三級(jí)醫(yī)院相繼建立新生兒重癥監(jiān)護(hù)中心(neonatal intensive care unit, NICU),隨著機(jī)械通氣、持續(xù)呼氣末正壓通氣技術(shù)和肺表面活性物質(zhì)治療的開展與普及,新生兒特別是早產(chǎn)兒的存活率也明顯提高。日本有報(bào)道,從 2000 年到 2005 %%,而 NICU 中新生兒的死亡率也 %降至 %[1]。NICU 除了提供一系列完整的醫(yī)療護(hù)理外,還配備了各種先進(jìn)監(jiān)護(hù)儀器和各級(jí)訓(xùn)練有素的專職醫(yī)護(hù)人員,以便應(yīng)對(duì)和處理圍產(chǎn)期最復(fù)雜的新生兒疾病。隨著 NICU 在各醫(yī)院的建立,許多危重患兒得到成功的救治,但也有部分病例因病情估計(jì)不足而延誤了搶救時(shí)機(jī),相反,部分本不屬于危重病例卻因評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同而被錯(cuò)劃入危重病進(jìn)行了一系列不必要的搶救處理。因此,2001 年中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)急診學(xué)分會(huì)兒科學(xué)組、中華醫(yī)學(xué)兒科學(xué)分會(huì)急診學(xué)組、新生兒學(xué)組在總結(jié)大量經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上提出了新生兒危重病例評(píng)分法(neonatal critical illness score,NCIS)(草案),該評(píng)分法以生命體征及生化檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果為依據(jù)(包括心率、血壓、呼吸、氧分壓、酸堿度(potential of hydrogen,pH)、血鈉、血鉀、肌酐或尿素氮、紅細(xì)胞壓積、胃腸表現(xiàn)十個(gè)方面),經(jīng)過多個(gè) NICU 試行后推廣應(yīng)用,對(duì)于正確評(píng)估病情,更準(zhǔn)確地掌握病情,預(yù)測(cè)死亡危險(xiǎn)性有重要意義,其應(yīng)用使極危重、危重的患兒得到及時(shí)治療,而非危重患兒則可減少不必要的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用,極大限度地杜絕了醫(yī)療的浪費(fèi)[2]。在該評(píng)分法中實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)即占了 6 項(xiàng),包括氧分壓、pH值、血鈉、血鉀、肌酐或尿素氮、紅細(xì)胞壓積,故可以看出實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)在危重新生兒評(píng)估中起了重要作用,可以排除某些人為判斷因素的干擾,同時(shí)我們也在思考是否有其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查能夠更好更準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)估危重新生兒病情的危重狀態(tài),比如說血乳酸、血磷、血糖、白細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞等。本研究回顧性分析了 250 例 NICU 新生兒的病例資料,收集其入院 24 小時(shí)內(nèi)各項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)(包括血?dú)夥治鲋械膒H值、動(dòng)脈血乳酸和碳酸 氫(bicarbonate ,HCO3)濃度、血常規(guī)、血糖及電解質(zhì)),分析實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查結(jié)果與 NCIS的相關(guān)性,以及在危重程度及預(yù)后評(píng)判方面的作用。本研究收集我院2015年7月至12月NICU 收治的資料完整新生兒的病例資料,按照新生兒危重病例評(píng)分法標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將所有新生兒分成不同危重組及不同預(yù)后組,分析