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中考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)大全-第一篇詞法之形容詞、副詞(已修改)

2025-08-16 13:09 本頁面
 

【正文】 第一篇 詞法四、 形容詞、副詞(一) 知識(shí)概要形容詞的用法很活躍,在英語中用處也很多,但英語中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語和詞組有時(shí)不同,要特別加以注意。下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下:many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下:much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of。其中some, no, a lot of, plenty of既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。英語中形容詞與副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之分,其規(guī)則如下:構(gòu)詞法 原 級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) 加er,或est Tallyoung talleryounger tallestyoungest 只加r或st nicelarge nicerlarger nicestlargest 重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音 字母時(shí)雙寫該字母加er、est big fathot bigger fatterhotter biggestfattesthottest 不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞:原 級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) good better best Well better best bad worse worst badly worse worst many more most most more most little less lest far fartherfurther farthestfurthest old olderelder oldesteldest 要注意的是許多形容詞同時(shí)又是副詞,如:back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。而有些形容詞則要經(jīng)過一定變化才能轉(zhuǎn)為副詞,其規(guī)律如下:構(gòu)詞法 形容詞 副 詞 一般加ly Carefulkind carefullykindly 尾是y時(shí)將y變成i加ly Happybusyeasy Happilybusilyeasily 其 他 trueterriblefullpossibleshywhole trulyterriblyfullypossiblyshylywholly 在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要注意其變化。此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形容詞。能修飾比較級(jí)的有:much, yet, far, still, a great deal, even 和a little. 能修飾最高級(jí)的有:the very, much the, far等。(二) 正誤辨析[誤] The young likes playing football very much.[正] The young like playing football very much.[析] 定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人,應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時(shí)則要看作單數(shù),如:The beautiful is not always 。[誤] The danger has gone, so the worst are over.[正] The danger has gone, so the worst is over.[析] 意為:危險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)過去,最困難的狀況已結(jié)束。用定冠詞加最高級(jí)形容詞作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形式。[誤] It is the gold age of the young.[正] It is the golden age of the young.[析] golden在英語中多用于比喻,如:golden hair金發(fā),gulden voice金嗓子。而gold多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的,如:a gold bar金條,a gold coin金幣,但gold fish 金魚例外。[誤] She is a warm heart woman.[正] She is a warmhearted woman.[析] 英語形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多,其中之一是由形容詞,或數(shù)詞,加名詞加ed構(gòu)成,如:warmhoarted 熱心腸的,whitehaired 白毛的[誤] There is an alive fish in the pool.[正] There is a living fish in the pool.[析] 在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以a字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語,只能作表語。如:The fish is alive.(魚還活著)這樣的形容詞有:alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake等。[誤] The ill man nearly died.[正] The sick man nearly died.[析] ill一般不作定語來形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表語時(shí)則都可以。如:He is ill sick, ill作定語時(shí)則另有他意,如:ill luck (厄運(yùn)),ill nature(天性惡劣),ill temper(心緒不好)[誤] I have important something to tell you.[正] I have something important to tell you.[析] 不定代詞something, anyone, somebody…在用形容詞修飾時(shí),形容詞應(yīng)放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞,不符合上述規(guī)律。如:I have an important thing to tell you.[誤] I39。ll be free on next Sunday.[正] I39。ll be free next Sunday.[析] 在表達(dá)將來時(shí)的時(shí)候:next Sunday, next week, next year或last Sunday last week, last year前都不加介詞。[誤] The girl is twoyear old.[正] The girl is two years old.[正] She is a twoyearold girl[析] 由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞……組成的形容詞,在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要記住兩點(diǎn),其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:twothousandword report(兩千字的報(bào)告);其二是這樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能作定語,即用于名詞之前,而不能作表語。[誤] The foreigners like those little beautiful Chinese paintings.[正] The foreigners like those beautiful little Chinese paintings.[析] 在名詞前若有幾個(gè)形容詞作修飾語時(shí),其順序如下。1. 指示代詞,定冠詞 2. 數(shù)量詞 3. 性質(zhì)詞 4. 大小 5. 形狀 6. 老少,新舊 7. 顏色 8. 材料但要注意的是英語的習(xí)慣是一個(gè)名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個(gè)。如: What a pretty little white horse!Those first few short English stories were not difficult to understand. [誤] The best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day.[正] The best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day.[析] good是形容詞,這里是修飾動(dòng)詞speak的,所以應(yīng)用副詞well,但well作形容詞講時(shí)只作身體好。如:He is well.(他身體很好)。He is good.(他是個(gè)好人)。[誤] The children play on the grass nappyly.[正] The children play on the grass happily[析] 多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)應(yīng)將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.[誤] The teacher looked angry at the students.[正] The teacher looked angrily at the students.[析] 英語中感觀動(dòng)詞后面要接形容詞,這時(shí)它是修飾主語的,如:The food smells 。The teacher looked angry 老師看起來很生氣。 而此句的意思為:老師生氣地看著學(xué)生,所以應(yīng)用副詞形式。[誤] He worked with me friendly.[正] He was friendly to me.[析] 不是所有結(jié)尾是ly的詞都是副詞,但friendly是形容詞,這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely, lonely, costly, lively…monthly weekly…。但其中有些詞既是副詞,又是形容詞,如:early, hourly, monthly…[誤] You can speak free in front of your friends.[正] You can speak freely in front of your friends.[析] free作為形容詞意為自由的,有空閑的,免費(fèi)的。作為副詞講則是免費(fèi)之意。而freely作為副詞則是自由的,隨便的。這些要注意的詞還有:hard 努力,艱苦 hardly 幾乎不 late 遲,晚lately 最近的,最新的 near 近 nearly 幾乎like 像 likely 幾乎[誤] They must have arrived till now.[正] They must have arrived by now.[析] by now是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以應(yīng)用瞬間動(dòng)詞。而till now是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,所以一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。must have+過去分詞是對(duì)過去某一事情所作的肯定推測(cè)。[誤] Someone called you right now.[正] Someone called you just now.[析] just now有兩個(gè)意思,其一是剛才,其二是現(xiàn)在
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