【正文】 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）A COMPARISION OF CULTURAL CONNOTATIONS BETWEEN CHINESE AND ENGLISH ANIMAL WORDS AND THEIR TRANSLATIONAbstractThere are a large number of words, idioms and expressions both in Chinese and English that are related to animals. Some of their meanings, cultural connotations and the range of usage are the same or similar, and some are different. On the one hand, they are the same or similar, because human beings have some similar capabilities of thought, some same laws of cognition, and some animals have the same important role in the human life of these two nations, and have the same attributes and features. On the other hand, because of the long course of history between these two social groups, they are discrepant in religion, history, geographical environment and customs. These discrepancies make animal words different in their cultural connotations in these two languages. Because of these discrepancies, we should consider the differences and similarities of the cultural connotations carried by animal words when translating animal words. Only in this way, can we translate correctly the real meanings and the style of the original, and promote the crosscultural exchanges between the two countries.Key Words: animal word。 cultural connotation。 discrepancy。 translation method漢英動(dòng)物詞的文化內(nèi)涵對(duì)比及翻譯摘要 中英文里都含有大量和動(dòng)物有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)、習(xí)語(yǔ)和表達(dá)。它們的詞義、文化內(nèi)涵及其應(yīng)用范圍都有相同或相似之處，也有不同之處。一方面，它們有共同或相似之處，這是因?yàn)槿祟愑邢嗨频乃季S能力；共同的認(rèn)知規(guī)律；一些動(dòng)物在漢英兩大民族生活中占有同等重要的地位；以及這些動(dòng)物本身的固有屬性和特點(diǎn)。另一方面，由于漢英兩大社會(huì)群體在各自漫長(zhǎng)的歷史進(jìn)程中，各自的宗教不同；歷史文化不同；地理環(huán)境不同；習(xí)俗不同，這又形成兩者之間的差異。由于這種差異的存在，在翻譯時(shí)，我們應(yīng)充分考慮動(dòng)物詞所含文化內(nèi)含的差異。只有這樣，我們才能正確傳譯出原文的真正含義和風(fēng)格，促進(jìn)兩者的跨文化交流。關(guān)鍵詞：動(dòng)物詞；文化內(nèi)涵；差異；翻譯方法Contents1. Introduction 12. Cultural connotations of animal words in Chinese and English 1 A parison of animal words in Chinese and English 1 correspondence of cultural connotations 2 Partial correspondence of cultural connotations 2 No correspondence of cultural connotations 2 The causes of the discrepancy between cultural connotations between Chinese and English animal words 3 Religion 3 History 3 Geographical environment 4 Customs 53. Some Methods of translating animal words 6 Literal translation 6 Substitution 7 Liberal translation 84. Translations change as the time changes 85. Conclusion 9 Bibliography 11 A Comparison of Cultural Connotations Between Chinese and English Animal Words and their Translation1. IntroductionIn the long history of human beings, animals are always closely related to our existence and development. Some are a kind of important food to people。 some offer the labor for agriculture。 some support the inspirations for some inventions of science and technology。 and some are a kind of close friends of people, playing an important role in the mankind’s society. Thus animal words and expressions have slowly bee a significant member of the basic vocabulary of many languages in the world. Chinese and English are no exception. Some animal words in Chinese and English are the same or similar in cultural connotations, because the Chinese people and the English people have some same capabilities of thought, some same laws of cognition, and some animals have the same important role in the human life of these two nations, and have the same attributes and features. But some of them are dissimilar or different. The cause of it is that the English people and the Chinese people are different in religion, history, geographical environment, customs and so on. This paper tries to elaborate the similarities and the differences between the cultural connotations carried by animal words in Chinese and English, find out the causes of differences, and then discuss some methods and techniques for translating these animal words.2. Cultural connotations of animal words in Chinese and English In linguistics, English lexicon includes simple words, pounds and idioms. And the meaning of a word includes grammatical meaning and lexical meaning. Lexical meaning has two parts. They are conceptual meaning and cognitive meaning. The former is the center of the meaning of the word, and it indicates definitely the object. Conceptual meaning has parative stability, so it is also called referential meaning. Cognitive meaning has the meaning of emotional color, it shows emotions and attitudes to the contents that the word refers to. So cognitive meaning is also called connotative meaning. Cultural connotation contains cognitive meanings and cultural meanings. Cultural connotation of a word refers to the cultural information that a word has been given by the society, including the added meaning or the implied meaning given by the social background, and the special feelings conveyed among a certain social group. A Comparison of cultural connotations of animal words in Chinese and English According to the linguisticdomain category, there are three cases in correspondence of Chinese and English animal words. They are basic correspondence, partial correspondence, and no correspondence. Basic correspondence of cultural connotationsThere are various things in the world. Different nations have different views to different objective things, but all human beings have some similar capabilities of thought, some same laws of cognition, and some an