【正文】 基于ADAMS的轎車懸架設(shè)計(jì)與仿真摘 要懸架系統(tǒng)是汽車的車架與車橋或車輪之間的一切傳力連接裝置的總稱。典型的懸架結(jié)構(gòu)由彈性元件、導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)以及減振器等組成，對(duì)汽車操縱穩(wěn)定性與平順性有重要的影響。本文所研究車型的懸架系統(tǒng)為前麥弗遜懸架后多連桿懸架，該系統(tǒng)是目前國(guó)內(nèi)B級(jí)車普遍采用的布置形式。這種懸架系統(tǒng)即有著優(yōu)良的平順性與操縱性，又較好的控制了成本，具有較強(qiáng)的代表性。ADAMS/CAR模塊內(nèi)有懸架系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析的專門模板，可以方便地建立各種結(jié)構(gòu)形式的懸架，迅速得出懸架的三十多種參數(shù)的性能曲線，可方便地對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行修改和調(diào)整以發(fā)現(xiàn)其對(duì)各種性能參數(shù)的影響。首先通過(guò)對(duì)所選車型的理論分析與計(jì)算，確定懸架系統(tǒng)初始設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。再借助CATIA建立了懸架總體與各零件的三維模型，并通過(guò)GSA模塊校核各零件強(qiáng)度與剛度。運(yùn)用ADAMS/CAR分別建立麥弗遜懸架與多連桿懸架模型，進(jìn)行懸架的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)仿真，得出懸架主要運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)。繼而通過(guò)對(duì)仿真結(jié)果的分析，對(duì)原有設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行修改與優(yōu)化，確定合理了的設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。最終通過(guò)AutoCAD繪制懸架系統(tǒng)總裝工程圖與零件工程圖，完成懸架設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。本文研究了懸架系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析，探討了乘用車懸架機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題。運(yùn)用CAE技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了懸架運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)優(yōu)化與強(qiáng)度校核，實(shí)現(xiàn)了懸架的合理設(shè)計(jì)。關(guān)鍵詞：懸架，優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析，ADAMSthe Design and Simulation of Vehicle Suspension System Based on ADAMSAbstractThe suspension system is the general term for the transmission which connect device between the vehicle frame and axle or wheel. The typical structure of the suspension is the posited of the bedspring, guider as well as vibration damper, the suspension system perform an important function on drivability and harshness. The vehicle suspension system studied in this paper is the former McPherson suspension and multilink suspension, this suspension system is very popular among the BClass car in China. This suspension system is not only has the excellent drivability and handling but also has a strong representation on controlling of costs. There are many unique modules for the kinematics of suspension and dynamics analysis in ADAMS/CAR, you can easily create a variety of structural forms of suspensions and get 30 kinds of the performance curve of the suspension .The parameters is modified and adjusted very easily to detect its impact on various performance parameters.At first, we get the initial design data of the suspension system by the analysis and calculation of the selected models. And then the threedimensional models of the suspension are established with the CATIA, and through the GSA module to check the strength and stiffness of each part. McPherson suspension and multilink suspension model are established in ADAMS / CAR to obtain the results of the kinematic simulation of the suspension motion data. Subsequently, endorsed by the analysis of simulation results, the original design will be modified and optimized to determine a reasonable design data. At last, the suspension system assembly drawings and part drawings are drawn by AutoCAD. Then the suspension design tasks are fished. This paper studies the problem of design and kinematic analysis of the suspension and problem of the car suspension organizations optimization. In this paper, the CAE technology is used to achieving optimization and strength check of suspension kinematics. At last the results show that this method of designing suspension is effective, we fish the design task to design the system of former McPherson suspension and multilink suspension.Key Words: Suspension, Optimization Design, Kinematics Analysis, ADAMS目 錄摘 要 IAbstract II第 1 章 緒論 1 本課題研究意義和背景 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀概述 1 本課題主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 2第 2 章 懸架系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 4 懸架的設(shè)計(jì)要求 4 懸架總體設(shè)計(jì) 4 懸架頻率的選擇 4 懸架的工作行程 5 懸架剛度計(jì)算 5 彈性元件的設(shè)計(jì) 6 減振器的設(shè)計(jì) 6 相對(duì)阻尼系數(shù)ψ選擇 6 減振器阻尼系數(shù)設(shè)計(jì) 7 減振器最大卸荷力F0的確定 8 減振器工作缸直徑確定 8 導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 9 本章小結(jié) 10第 3 章 CATIA建模與分析 11 CAD技術(shù)概述及CATIA簡(jiǎn)介 11 CATIA建模過(guò)程 12 前后彈簧的建模 12 減振器的建模 12 導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)與轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)建模 14 前后懸架裝配 15 主要零件的CAE校核 16 本章小結(jié) 18第 4 章 懸架運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)仿真 19 懸架仿真簡(jiǎn)介 19 懸架仿真發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀 19 懸架的仿真參數(shù)介紹 20 ADAMS/CAR應(yīng)用介紹 21 ADAMS簡(jiǎn)介 21 ADAMS/CAR模塊特點(diǎn) 21 前懸架的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)仿真 22 運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型建立 22 仿真計(jì)算與結(jié)果分析 23 坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)優(yōu)化 24 優(yōu)化結(jié)果分析 25 后懸架的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)仿真 26 運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型建立 26 仿真計(jì)算與結(jié)果分析 27 坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)優(yōu)化 28 優(yōu)化結(jié)果分析 29 本章小結(jié) 29第 5 章 運(yùn)用AutoCAD的工程圖繪制 30 AutoCAD簡(jiǎn)介 30 建立CAD國(guó)標(biāo)模版 30 懸架工程圖繪制 31 本章小結(jié) 33結(jié) 論 34致 謝 35參考文獻(xiàn) 36 V 第 1 章 緒論 本課題研究意義和背景隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人們對(duì)汽車的功能提出了越來(lái)越多的要求，要求汽車行駛具有良好的平順性和操縱穩(wěn)定性[1]。懸架是現(xiàn)代汽車的重要組成之一，其對(duì)汽車的平順型、操縱穩(wěn)定性、通用性、舒適性及汽車的壽命等多種使用性都有很大影響，因此設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)良的懸架系統(tǒng)，對(duì)提高汽車產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量有著極大的作用。汽車的車輪外傾角、主銷后傾角、主銷內(nèi)傾角、主銷偏距、車輪前束角等參數(shù)，對(duì)汽車平順性與操縱穩(wěn)定性有重要的影響。以上參數(shù)的選定決定了懸架系統(tǒng)的基本性能，在懸架設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)當(dāng)重點(diǎn)考慮。機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)仿真技術(shù)變得日益重要，這種應(yīng)用在于仿真軟件能夠使用計(jì)算機(jī)代碼和方程準(zhǔn)確的模擬真實(shí)的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)，避免了傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中零部件和樣機(jī)的反復(fù)制造、試驗(yàn)等過(guò)程。同時(shí)硬件建設(shè)成本的降低節(jié)省了大量的時(shí)間和財(cái)力，為產(chǎn)品迅速占領(lǐng)市場(chǎng)贏得了更多的機(jī)會(huì)[2]。鑒于仿真軟件帶來(lái)的上述優(yōu)點(diǎn)，其應(yīng)用正在變得越來(lái)越廣泛。在眾多的軟件中，汽車工業(yè)中廣泛應(yīng)用的ADAMS則是非常具有代表性的一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)與動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真軟件。ADAMS/CAR模塊內(nèi)有懸架運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析的專門模板，可以方便地建立各種結(jié)構(gòu)形式的懸架，迅速得出懸架的多達(dá)三十多種參數(shù)的性能曲線。模型全部采用數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì)，可方便地對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行修改和調(diào)整以發(fā)現(xiàn)其對(duì)各種性能參數(shù)的影響，優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)，最終為企業(yè)提供產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)的解決方案。 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀概述在研究汽車諸多的行駛性能中，汽車動(dòng)力學(xué)研究的建模、分析與求解始終是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵性問(wèn)題。汽車本身是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的多體系統(tǒng)，由于它的作情況、使用環(huán)境的復(fù)雜多變，給汽車動(dòng)力學(xué)研究帶來(lái)了很大困難。