【正文】 計(jì)文檔和基本三維設(shè)計(jì)，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)成為國(guó)際上廣為流行的繪圖工具。尺寸界限一般應(yīng)與尺寸線垂直，并超出尺寸線的終端2～3mm。關(guān)鍵尺寸均采用7級(jí)精度，—。最后依照優(yōu)化后設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)，繪制了系統(tǒng)的工程圖，完成了設(shè)計(jì)工作。19 馬敏海，“新型運(yùn)動(dòng)款汽車前懸架參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)及整車動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真”，哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)車輛工程學(xué)科碩士學(xué)位論文，2010：2030。注意！copy前一定要備份！以后再做修改時(shí)，要修改備份文檔。14 MD Simpson. Estimation of vehicle side slip angle and yaw rate. SAE Paper．2000010696：185~187.15 張寶生、李杰，《汽車優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)理論與方法》，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2000年9月：13～46。并根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行了懸架優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，得到了合理的優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)，提高了車輛的行駛性能。 圖53后懸架總裝圖 54后懸架轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)材料為45號(hào)鋼。依據(jù)GB/T 14691與GB/T 17450設(shè)定字體與線型。由分析結(jié)果知，,符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。本文后懸架運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)采用ISO坐標(biāo)制，選擇兩車輪接地中心連線的中點(diǎn)為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)，x 軸指向汽車前進(jìn)方向的左側(cè)，y軸與重力方向相反，z軸指向汽車的前進(jìn)方向。主銷內(nèi)傾角可以使汽車轉(zhuǎn)向回正、轉(zhuǎn)向操作輕便，在車輪跳動(dòng)時(shí)，主銷內(nèi)傾角變化較大，將會(huì)使轉(zhuǎn)向沉重，加速輪胎磨損。應(yīng)用ADAMS/CAR對(duì)懸架系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行建模原理相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，模型原理與實(shí)際的系統(tǒng)相一致。主銷后傾角(Caster Angle)，是指主銷軸線和地面垂直線在縱向平面內(nèi)的夾角?？偣部梢詧?zhí)行以下三種車輪垂直跳動(dòng)分析：左右車輪平行垂直跳動(dòng)分析；左右車輪反向垂直跳動(dòng)分析；單邊車輪垂直跳動(dòng)分析與左右車輪反向垂直跳動(dòng)分析相比，側(cè)傾與垂直力分析允許車輪的垂直位置自調(diào)整，只要能確保各個(gè)車輪的垂直載荷的總和保持恒定[13]。當(dāng)添加力安全系數(shù)選擇3時(shí)，鋁件有限元分析如圖311—314： 圖311連桿強(qiáng)度校核 圖312連桿剛度校核圖313橫臂強(qiáng)度校核圖 314橫臂剛度校核圖由分析結(jié)果知，各部件最大應(yīng)力為：后懸架前拉桿126MPa, 后懸架后拉桿75MPa,，全部小于材料的許用應(yīng)力195MPa，各零件強(qiáng)度符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。圖33前懸架減振器圖 34 后懸架減振器圖 導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)與轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)建模建立導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)時(shí)，采用基礎(chǔ)零件建模模塊設(shè)計(jì)。彈簧自由高度近似取153mm。特別是CATIA中的針對(duì)汽車、摩托車業(yè)的專用模塊，使CATIA擁有了最寬廣的專業(yè)覆蓋面，從而幫助客戶達(dá)到縮短設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)周期、提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量及降低費(fèi)用的目的。車輪跳動(dòng)時(shí)，前輪定位角變化特性合理。本設(shè)計(jì)前懸架為麥弗遜懸架，其阻尼系數(shù)為： (26)式中 ψ——相對(duì)阻尼系數(shù)；ms——前懸架簧上質(zhì)量(kg)；a——懸架安裝角度；——汽車前懸架固有頻率(Hz)。這種沖擊力傳到車身和車架時(shí)，將可能引起汽車零部件的疲勞和損傷。為此，汽車懸架系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)滿足下列要求：(1) 保證汽車有良好的行駛平順性；(2) 具有合適的衰減振動(dòng)能力；(3) 保證汽車具有良好的操縱穩(wěn)定性；(4) 制動(dòng)或加速時(shí)保證車身穩(wěn)定，減少車身縱傾；轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)車身側(cè)傾角要合適；(5) 有良好的隔聲能力；(6) 結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、占用空間尺寸要??；(7) 可靠地傳遞車身與車輪之間的各種力和力矩，在滿足零部件質(zhì)量小的同時(shí)，還要保證有足夠的強(qiáng)度和壽命。 近年來，隨著多體動(dòng)力學(xué)軟件功能的擴(kuò)展，在汽車多體復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型環(huán)境下，對(duì)汽車各子系統(tǒng)的性能參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化將逐步開始運(yùn)用，從而可以使模型精度和優(yōu)化計(jì)算結(jié)果的精度大大提高，在三維汽車振動(dòng)等效模型的基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)用汽車多體系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型可將更多的影響因素考慮進(jìn)來，如在模型中考慮懸架中采用的橡膠襯套，并計(jì)入懸架彈簧和減振器及輪胎的非線性特性，然后用非線性整車模型進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析[7]。在眾多的軟件中，汽車工業(yè)中廣泛應(yīng)用的ADAMS則是非常具有代表性的一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)與動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真軟件。這種懸架系統(tǒng)即有著優(yōu)良的平順性與操縱性，又較好的控制了成本，具有較強(qiáng)的代表性。關(guān)鍵詞：懸架，優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析，ADAMSthe Design and Simulation of Vehicle Suspension System Based on ADAMSAbstractThe suspension system is the general term for the transmission which connect device between the vehicle frame and axle or wheel. The typical structure of the suspension is the posited of the bedspring, guider as well as vibration damper, the suspension system perform an important function on drivability and harshness. The vehicle suspension system studied in this paper is the former McPherson suspension and multilink suspension, this suspension system is very popular among the BClass car in China. This suspension system is not only has the excellent drivability and handling but also has a strong representation on controlling of costs. There are many unique modules for the kinematics of suspension and dynamics analysis in ADAMS/CAR, you can easily create a variety of structural forms of suspensions and get 30 kinds of the performance curve of the suspension .The parameters is modified and adjusted very easily to detect its impact on various performance parameters.At first, we get the initial design data of the suspension system by the analysis and calculation of the selected models. And then the threedimensional models of the suspension are established with the CATIA, and through the GSA module to check the strength and stiffness of each part. McPherson suspension and multilink suspension model are established in ADAMS / CAR to obtain the results of the kinematic simulation of the suspension motion data. Subsequently, endorsed by the analysis of simulation results, the original design will be modified and optimized to determine a reasonable design data. At last, the suspension system assembly drawings and part drawings are drawn by AutoCAD. Then the suspension design tasks are fished. This paper studies the problem of design and kinematic analysis of the suspension and problem of the car suspension organizations optimization. In this paper, the CAE technology is used to achieving optimization and strength check of suspension kinematics. At last the results show that this method of designing suspension is effective, we fish the design task to design the system of former McPherson suspension and multilink suspension.Key Words: Suspension, Optimization Design, Kinematics Analysis, ADAMS目 錄摘 要 IAbstract II第 1 章 緒論 1 本課題研究意義和背景 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀概述 1 本課題主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 2第 2 章 懸架系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 4 懸架的設(shè)計(jì)要求 4