【正文】 英美文學(xué)重點(diǎn)總結(jié) 第一部份 英國文學(xué) 上古及中世紀(jì)英國文學(xué) Old and Medieval English literature 上古： 450 to 1066 中世紀(jì) 。106614 世紀(jì)中葉 Celts Old English poetry: the religious group and the secular one Beowulf: national epic poem Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English alliterative verse. The Canterbury Tales The father of English poetry English Homer In the medieval period ： use narrative verse of prose to tell stories of knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. 第一章 文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期 the Renaissance Period 14th and mid17th centuries Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Golden Age It started in Italy Henry VIII Defender of the Faith Bible in English ancient Roman and Greekculture class struggle Petrarch poetry and poetic drama Elizabethan drama Famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe ,William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson 1 埃德蒙 斯賓塞 Edmund Spenser15521599 ―Our sweetest songs are those that sing of saddest feelings‖ The Shepheardes Calender Epithalamion The faerie Queene《仙后》 the theme: Fierce warres and faithfull loves allegory Redcross knight and Una. The poets‘ poet 12virtues 12books Arthur Gloriana The five main qualities of spenser‘s poetryare: 1 a perfect melody 2 a rare sense of beauty 3a splendid imagination 4a lofty moral purity and seriousness 5a dedicated idealism and use strange forms of speech and obsolete words. 2 克 里斯托夫 馬洛 Christopher Marlowe15641593 Six plays black verse: the principal medium of English drama Renaissance hero the pioneer of English drama “ University Wits‖ Tamburlaine ambitious and pitiless Tarter conqueror 浮士德博士的悲劇 German legend confinement to time The theme of :A :it celebrates the human passion for knowledge power and happiness B: it also reveals man‘s frustration in realizing the high aspirations in a hostile moral order C:and the confinement to time is the cruelest fact of man‘s condition. The Jew of Malta EdwardII Hero and Lednder the passionate shepherd to his love the most beautiful lyrics in English literature. 3 威廉 莎士比亞 William Shakespeare 15641616 Playwrights , dramatist, poets 15911611was in the prime of his dramatic career. 38plays 戲劇 154sons 十四行詩 2 long poems 敘事詩 StratfordonAvon “ University wits” “ an upstart crow‖ Son18 : meditation eternal beauty origin:Italy Hamlet ―to be,or not to bethat is the question‖ the merchant of Venice against Christians /Jews. Two narrative poems venus and Adonis the rape of lucrece Tragedies: hamlet Othello king lear Macbeth remeo and Juliet Julius casear Six edies: a midsummer night‘s dream the merchant of Venice much ado about nothing sa you like it twelfth night the merry wives of Windsor all‘s well that ends well measure for measuree Romantic tragiedies: [eroc。es Cymbeline The Winter‘s Tale the Tempest Romantic tragedy Romeo and Juliet tragedy but optimistic 樂觀 spirit. Writing feature: 1 a play in the play 2 borrow plots from other stories such sa Roman,Greekand ancient myth. 3 several threads running through the play 4 bination of tragic and ic elements. Writing style: 1 trimendous vocabulary(16,000words,invent words) 2literary devices(alliterateion 頭韻， simile 明喻， metaphor 暗喻 ) 3 use poetry in his play The theme of the son: 1 express love and praise to a young man 2 immortalize beauty through verses 3friendship or betrayal of friendship 4 弗蘭西斯 培根 Francis Bacon 15611626 Philosopher, scientist , essayist ―knowledge is power‖ Essays 《論說文集》或隨筆 “ founder of modern science in England” the advancement of learning is a great tract on education. of studies is the most popular of Bacon‘s 58 essays. ―studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.‖ ―some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.‖ The theme of the of studies:it analyzes what studies chiefly serve for,the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. Novum Organum新工具 A:It is a successful treatise written in latin on methodology. B:the argument is for the use of inductive method of reasoning in scientific study. C:bacon first expounds the four great false conceivings that beset men‘s ming and prevent them from seeking the truth. D:Bacon suggests the inductive reasoning 歸納推理法 (proceeding from the particular to the general) Aristotelian method,the deductive reasoning 演繹推理法 (preceeding from the general to the particular.) E:by putting forwardd this theory,bacon,as a humanist intellect,shows the new empirical attitudes toward truth about nature and bravely challenges the medieval scholasticists. the history of the Reign of Henry VII Knowledge divides into two kinds: Devine Revelation and the working of human mind Man‘s understanding consists of three parts: A history to man‘s memory B poetry to imagination and creation C philosophy to man‘s reason Bacon‘s essays are famous for their brevity , pactness, and powerfulness. Montaigne 蒙田（法國文藝復(fù)興思想家散文家） is the predecessor of Bacon. 5 約翰 鄧恩 John Donne 15721631 A merchant was famed as a Preacher 傳教士 , lyric poet, a great visitor of ladies, a gteat frequenter of plays, a great writer of conceited verses syllogism 三段論 ―metaphysical poetry‖ he is the leading figure of the ―metaphysical school‖. Donne‘s great prose works are his sermons,which are both rich and imaginative. Donne‘s poetry involves a kind of argument ,in rigid syllogistic form. the songs and sons love is the basic theme. the sun rising death,be not proud Feature: artificial 人工 witty conceit 灰諧