【正文】 The Cultural Shift in Translation StudiesABSTRACT Traditional translation studies treat translation as the transformation of linguistic signs, taking insufficient notice of the interference of cultural factors in the translating process. However, owing to the natural and close relations between language, culture and translation, with the development of related disciplines, translation studies from the perspective of cultural munication have been gaining weight in the academic circles of translation theories in recent years, which resulted in the cultural view on translation.This thesis tries to explore translating problems from the cultural perspective. It falls into seven parts including the Introduction: The thesis starts with the Introduction in which the author concisely states his purpose of writing this paper, outlining the contents of the whole thesis according to its structure.Chapter One is Language, Culture and Translation. This chapter is designed to explicate the concept of culture and the relations between language, culture and translation, laying foundations for the following discussion at deeper levels.Chapter Two is Cultural View on Translation and Cultural Factors to be Taken into Account When Translating. On the basis of analysing traditional translation studies, the author points out the defects of traditional translation studies. Then the author looks back at the culture turn in translation studies and introduces the cultural view on translation. The author holds the view that mon cultural core is the foundation of translation and cultural munication, but cultural differences pose obstacles to smooth cultural exchange and cultural conflicts are the tough nut for translators to crack. Chapter Three is Foreignization and Domestication—Two Approaches to Cultural Translation. When it es to the discussion of handling cultural factors in translation, scholars at home and abroad can be roughly divided into two schools: the school of foreignization and the school of domestication, with Venuti and Nida being their major respective representatives. The disputes between the two schools have been continuing for quite a few years, each school having its own advocates and theoretical bases. Chapter Four is Foreignization or Domestication: An Analysis of the Contributing Factors in the Decisionmaking Process of Translation. The author has no intention of getting involved in the disputes between the two schools. After analysing such factors as the intention of the translator, textual function, socialcultural environment, historical limitations and the translator’s style, the author es to the conclusion that the choice of translating strategy is decided upon by many conditioning factors rather than by the preference of the translator.Chapter Five is The Mediating Functions of the Cultural View on Translation. In the circles of translation theories, there are many disputable issues such as the contradiction between domestication and foreignization, the conflict of literal translation and free translation, the trace of translation, the translator’s style, etc. Studying these problems from the perspective of cultural munication, the author concludes that all these tricks to some extent contribute to cultural munication, and so their existence is justifiable. Chapter Six is Conclusion. The author harbours the view that to conduct translation studies from the angle of cultural munication provides a new perspective for translation studies, reconciling the longterm contradictory opinions and guiding them to serve the task of promoting cultural munication. This helps translation studies get out of marginal position and exist as an independent discipline. At the same time, the author warns that the cultural view on translation is just one of the many perspectives of translation studies, and it is plementary to translation studies from other perspectives. Its development, to a great extent, counts on the development and prosperity of related disciplines. 內(nèi)容提要傳統(tǒng)的翻譯研究只是把翻譯看作一種語言符號的轉(zhuǎn)換活動，對于文化因素對翻譯過程的介入討論不夠充分。然而，由于語言、文化和翻譯的天然的密切關(guān)系，隨著與翻譯相關(guān)的學(xué)科的發(fā)展和國際交流的日益頻繁，從文化交流的角度探討翻譯問題在近年來成為翻譯理論界的一個熱點，文化翻譯觀應(yīng)運而生。本文試從文化翻譯觀的角度對若干翻譯問題進行探討。全文包括導(dǎo)言共由七個部分組成： 在導(dǎo)言中，作者以簡潔的語言闡述了文章的寫作目的，按照文章的寫作架構(gòu)對整篇論文進行了概述。第一章, 語言，文化和翻譯。本章旨在闡述文化的概念，以及語言，文化和翻譯之間關(guān)系，為后面的深入討論做準(zhǔn)備。第二章，文化翻譯觀及翻譯中要考慮的文化因素。這一章里，在對傳統(tǒng)的翻譯研究進行回顧分析的基礎(chǔ)上，指出其存在的不足；進而回顧了翻譯界的文化轉(zhuǎn)向，并對文化翻譯觀的內(nèi)容做了介紹。作者認(rèn)為文化共核是翻譯和文化交流能夠進行的基礎(chǔ)，而文化差異是順利達成文化交流的障礙，也是譯者翻譯實踐中的最大困難。第三章，異化和歸化—跨文化翻譯的兩種基本策略。國內(nèi)外的學(xué)者對處理翻譯中的文化因素的態(tài)度大致分為兩派：異化派和歸化派。異化派以文努提為代表，歸化派以奈達為代表。兩派之爭由來已久，各自都有自己的理論依據(jù)，也都有為數(shù)不少的支持者。第四章，異化還是歸化—翻譯決策過程中的制約因素分析。作者并未介入異化和歸化兩派的爭論，而是通過對文本功能，譯者的目的，歷史局限，社會文化環(huán)境，以及譯者的風(fēng)格諸制約因素的分析的基礎(chǔ)上，認(rèn)為異化和歸化兩種策略的選擇是由于許多制約因素共同作用的結(jié)果，而不是靠譯者的個人偏愛。第五章，文化翻譯觀的調(diào)停作用。翻譯中有爭議的問題很多，如異化和歸化，譯者能否有自己的風(fēng)格，能否對原作進行刪節(jié)修改，直譯與意譯，譯作中能否保留翻譯的痕跡，等等。作者把這些爭議放到促進文化交流的文化翻譯觀下來考察，認(rèn)為這些問題在一定條件下對文化交流都有積極的作用，都有其存在的必要。第六章，結(jié)論。作者認(rèn)為從文化交流的角度研究翻譯為翻譯研究提供了新的視角，使長期以來翻譯界存在的爭論統(tǒng)一在促進文化交流的根本任務(wù)之下，并有利于翻譯研究擺脫邊緣化地位，作為獨立的學(xué)科而存在。同時，作者也認(rèn)為，文化翻譯觀只是翻譯研究的眾多角度中的一個，與從其他角度進行的翻譯研究是互補性的，它的發(fā)展有賴于相關(guān)學(xué)科的繁榮和發(fā)展。ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI owe a great deal to my supervisor, Professor Zhu Peifen for her generous help through the whole process of my writing this thesis.At the early stage, she gave me some precious advice on deciding upon the topic and on how to develop my immature ideas into a paper and offered me some valuable reference materials she acquired when studying abroad as a visiting scholar. When I submitted my draft paper to her, she was busy piling a book on oral interpretation under great pressure on the part of her publisher. The task of correcting my paper inevitably doubled her hardship in work. However, several days later, I was gratefully taken aback when looking through the thesis having undergone her correcting! On opening the paper, I surprisingly found numerous marks in pencil scattered in the margins and between the lines of each