【正文】 畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計)Cultural Differences Between Chinese and American Body Languages 12. Nonverbal munication 2 Definition of nonverbal munication 2 Categories of nonverbal munication 3 Characteristics of nonverbal munication 5 Functions of nonverbal munication 63. Comparison of body language between China and America 7 Eye contact 73. 2 Gestures 9 Chinese gestures 9. Greeting gestures 9 Touching gestures 10 Beckoning gestures 10 American gestures 10 Touching 12 Facial expressions 12 Smiles and laughter 13 Anger 13 Illustration of the differences between Chinese and American body languages 144. Conclusion 16References 17As a tool of social munication, language is the bond of culture as well as its ponent. The languages in different nations refract different cultural environments, lifestyles, ideas and points of view, religious rituals, values and thinking habits. Human language munication is the primary means of interaction, but nonverbal munication also has an important municative function. Body Language is the expression of a person’s silent and authentic language inner world, nonverbal means of the most spectacular. Psychologist and researcher Albert Mehrabian argues that 93 percent of all social meaning in facetoface munication is conveyed through nonverbal cues, 38 percent is municated by how people use their voices (rate, pitch, and volume of speech), 55 percent is the result of facial expressions (smiles, eye contacts, and frowns), whereas only a paltry 7 percent is verbal (Gouran, 1992: 109). The social anthropologist Edward T. Hall also claims that 60 percent of all our munication is nonverbal (Translated by Meng Xiaoyun, 1988). The percentages may be disputable, but the point is that nonverbal munication contributes a great deal to sharing meaning.Different people in different countries can municate with body language. In some cases, body language is enough to express all of the information。 language is superfluous. Body Language includes space distance, eye contacts, physical contacts, postures, facial expressions and other nonverbal body signals. With the development of globalization, the collisions between different cultures bee increasingly fierce. It is well known that Chinese culture is the typical oriental culture, and the United States is the western world’s mouthpiece. Therefore, with the parison of body language in the two countries, we can divine the whole from a part.2. Nonverbal munication Definition of nonverbal munication Communication is far more than speech and writing. Most people are rarely aware that they are municating in many different ways even when they are not speaking. They rarely learn about this mostly nonverbal munication even though it is very important for effective interaction with others. Growing up in a society, they learn how to use gestures, glances, slight changes in tone of voice, and other auxiliary munication devices to alter or emphasize what they say and do. They acpany their speeches with various movements of their bodies, their heads and their hands. In some extreme cases, people can municate by not doing anything at all, just by silence (Mehrabian, 1970).According to L. A. Malandro (1983), “nonverbal munication will be defined as the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in bination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context”. Nonverbal munication is defined as the exchange of messages primarily through nonlinguistic means, including: kinesics (body language), facial expressions and eye contact, tactile munication, space and territory, environment, paralanguage (vocal but nonlinguistic cues), and the use of silence and time (Hu Wenzhong, Bi Jiwan, 1999). Nonverbal munication is munication without words. It can be viewed as occurring whenever an individual municates without the use of sounds. Categories of nonverbal munication Categories currently exist to provide an idea of the behaviors that constitute nonverbal munication. There are seven classes, also known as codes, of nonverbal signals. Codes are distinct, organized means of expression that consist of both symbols and rules for their use. Although these codes are presented within classes, they occur together and are naturally integrated with verbal expression. The nonverbal codes include ():kinesics—messages sent by the body, including gestures, facial expression, body movement, posture, gaze, and gait.vocalics (., paralinguistic)—vocal cues other than words, including volume, rate, pitch, pausing, and silence.physical appearance—manipulative cues related to the body, including hairstyle, clothing, cosmetics, and fragrance.haptics—contact cues, such as frequency, intensity, and type of touch.proxemics—spatial cues, including interpersonal distance, territoriality, and other spacing relationships.chronemics—the use of time as a message system, including punctuality, amount of time spent with another and waiting time.artifacts—manipulable objects in the environment that may reflect messages from the designer or user, such as furniture, art, pets, or other possessions.While these categories provide a framework from which to conceptualize nonverbal munication, it is, in reality, a bination of cues and codes that work together to produce a certain meaning. It is inefficient to look at one cue or code for specific meaning.Communication is the transfer of information from one person to another. However, most of us fail to realize that a great deal of our munication is of a nonverbal form as opposed to the oral and written forms. Nonverbal munication includes facial expressions, eye contacts, tone of voice,