【正文】 given有哪些用用法1. 用作 give 的過去分詞，引出過去分詞短語作狀語，意為“如果有……”，“假定……”等義，此時要注意其邏輯主語與句子主語保持一致，句子謂語是否用虛擬語氣，要視句子的具體含義而定。如：Given time, they’ll probably agree. 給以時間的話，他們可能會同意。（=If we give them time…或If they are given time…）Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 要是對這些樹多加注意，它們會長得更好。（=If the trees had been given more attention, they could be grown better.)2. 在現(xiàn)代英語中可用作介詞，后接名詞或代詞，意為“考慮到”或“鑒于”。如：Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job. 考慮到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗，這工作他們已干得很不錯了。Given her interest in children, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her. 鑒于她對小孩的興趣，我敢肯定教書是她最適合的職業(yè)。注意，given 后也可接 that 從句。如上面兩句也可以改為：Given that they’re inexperienced, they have done a good job. Given that she is interested in children, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her. 3. 用作形容詞，意為“特定的”“一定的”“規(guī)定的”等，通常用作定語。如：The work must be done within the given time. 工作必須在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成。They were to meet at a given time and place. 他們定了個特定時間和地點見面。比較下面一句，given為過去分詞，用作后置定語：The book given to him was an English novel. (= The book which was given to him was an English novel). 送給他的那本書是本英語小說。不用主語或賓語的as和than從句As和than可以引導(dǎo)沒有主語或賓語代詞（有點像as和than是關(guān)系代詞）的從句。沒有主語代詞的從句主要用在正式文體中。Their marriage was as stormy as had been 。（不能說…as it had been expected.）Anne’s going to join us, as was agreed last ，安妮將加入到我們中間來。（不能說…as it was agreed last week.）He worries more than is good for ，對他沒有好處。（不能說 He worries more than it/what is good for him.）Don’t lose your passport, as I did last 。（不能說… as I did it last year）They sent more than I had 。（不能說…more than I had ordered it.）as can be中as的用法 as…as can [could] be結(jié)構(gòu)通?？勺g為“極其”“非?！薄耙唷投唷薄Ｈ纾築oth houses were as clean as could be. 兩座房子都極其干凈。A：What was the weather like on your holiday? 你度假時天氣怎么樣?B：It was as good as could be expected. 好得很。關(guān)于as...as 結(jié)構(gòu)的幾個句式在講到形容詞比較級as...as 時，絕大多數(shù)講的都是 as +形容詞+ as 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：He is as handsome as his brother (is). 他和他哥哥一樣英俊。Judy goes to the movies as often as Sara does. 朱迪像莎拉一樣時常去看電影。Old John goes to sleep as easily as a baby does. 老約翰像嬰兒一樣容易入睡。He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他不能有你跑得那么快。但是，像上面那樣的例子多了，就產(chǎn)生一個問題：不少學(xué)生都以為as ...as 中間只有形容詞。實際上，在 as...as 結(jié)構(gòu)中，還可以有其它的幾個句式。 as 形容詞+名詞 as 句式這種結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中也很常見，但很多學(xué)生不習(xí)慣。這里給幾個例子，請大家仔細(xì)研究一下，提一點請大家注意，就是：形容詞后面(包括many/much) 的名詞有單數(shù)、有復(fù)數(shù)、有不可數(shù)。例如：This is as good an example as the other is. 這和另外一個一樣是個好例子。He is as nice a boy as Peter (is). 他和彼得一樣都是好男孩。The girls are as busy with their work as bees. 這些女孩子就跟蜜蜂一樣忙著工作。She has as many friends as Mary (does). 她和瑪麗一樣有許多朋友。He has as much money as John (does). 他和約翰一樣有很多錢。I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能搬多少。as many as 與 as much as這兩個比較的意思是“像……一樣多”，既可以把它們作為比較級看，也可以把它們看作是一個固定的詞組。同樣，在 ...many/much... 后面可以插入名詞，形成 as...many/much +名詞...as 的句式。例如：(1) 作為固定詞組來使用的，相當(dāng)于“……那么多”。She has as many as seven sisters. 她的姊妹有七人之多。As many as 100 people were killed in the air crash. 這次空難中多達一百人喪生。I gave the beggar as much as 1,00 yen. 我給了這乞丐整整一百元。Building costs ran up to as much as $ 20 million. 建筑費用漲到高達兩千萬。類似的“長達……”、“寬達……”、“早在…”等，也可以用這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示。例如：I have been learning English (for) as long as 15 years. 我學(xué)英文已有十五年之久。He came home as late as two in the morning. 他遲至清晨兩點才回家。I saw your brother as late as last week. 上個禮拜我還看到你哥哥。The river is as wide as 100 meters. 這條河寬達一百公尺。I mailed the letter as early as Friday. 我早在星期五就把信寄了。We walked as far as the railroad station. 我們走到火車站那樣遠(yuǎn)的地方。(2) 作為比較級來使用的，后面可以插入名詞，意思是“……一樣”。To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing. 吃太多和什么都不吃同樣是壞事。He is as much a member of the orchestra as Tom. 他和湯姆同樣是管弦樂隊的成員。Comets are just as much members of the sun’s family as (are) the other planets. 彗星和其他的行星同樣是太陽家族的成員。as...as...結(jié)構(gòu)用法講解一、as…as 結(jié)構(gòu)的基本用法其基本意思為“與……一樣”，其中的第一個as為副詞，其后通常接形容詞或副詞(用原級)，第二個as可用作介詞(后接名詞或代詞)或連詞(后接從句)。使用時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：1. 在否定句中，第一個 as 也可換成 so：He doesn’t study as [so] hard as his brother. 他學(xué)習(xí)不如他弟弟努力。2. 在該結(jié)構(gòu)的兩個as之間通常接形容詞或副詞的原級，但若涉及數(shù)量或程度，可用“as much+不可數(shù)名詞+as”和“as many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as”：You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的錯誤和我犯的一樣多。I haven’t got as much money as I thought. 我不像原來想像的有那么多錢。其間接形容詞時，有時該形容詞還可修飾另一名詞，但這個名詞應(yīng)帶有不定冠詞(注意詞序)：She is as good a cook as her mother. 她和她媽媽一樣是位好廚師。也可說：She is a cook as good as her mother.但不說：She is as a good cook as her mother. 或They are as good cooks as us. 二、關(guān)于第二個as的詞性第二個as后接從句時，該as通常為連詞，但有時這個as還充當(dāng)其后從句的主語或賓語，此時該as實為關(guān)系代詞。如：I gave him as much as he could eat. 他能吃多少，我就給了他多少。We’ve got food for as many people as want it. 我們的食物，無論多少人吃都夠了。注：若第二個as用作連詞引導(dǎo)一個表示將來意義的從句，則該從句可用現(xiàn)在時表示將來，也可直接使用將來時態(tài)。如：We’ll get there as soon as you do [will]. 你一到，我們就到。 三、as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語該結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)情況可用使用以下修飾語：(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, oneten, twice, three times, 30 per cent等，并且這些修飾語必須置于第一個as之前，而不能置于其后。如：He doesn’t play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。This dress is twice as expensive as that. 這件連衣裙比那件貴一倍。 四、as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)的省略在非正式場合(尤其是美國英語中)，有時可以省略第一個as。如：When over forty, he married a woman poor as himself. 他在40多歲時娶了一個像他本人一樣窮的女人。另外，若意思明確，有時可省略第二個as及其后的相關(guān)詞語。如：The pianos in that shop will be cheaper, but not as good. 那家商店的收音機會便宜些，但質(zhì)量沒那么好。whatever的用法 Whatever有兩個用法，一是引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（如主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句），二是用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 1. 用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是對的。 Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是對的。 I will do whatever you wish. 我可做任何你想我做的事。 Give them whatever they desire. 他們想要什么就給他們什么。 Whatever I have is at your service. 我所有的一切都由你使用。 You may do whatever you want to do. 無論你想做什么事，你都可以做。 I’ll just say whatever es into my head. 一我想到什么就說什么。 One should stick to whatever one has begun. 開始了的事就要堅持下去。 She would tell him whatever news she got. 她得到的任何消息都會告訴他。 I’m going to learn whatever my tutor wishes. 我將學(xué)習(xí)任何我的導(dǎo)師愿意我學(xué)的東西。 College students are seen doing whatever work they can find. 我們可以看到,只要有工作，大學(xué)生們什么都干。 Do whatever she tells you and you39。ll have peace. 她叫你干什么你就干什么,那你就太平了。 2. 用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 Whatever we said, he39。d disagree. 無論我們說什么，他都不同意。 Whatever happened I must be calm. 不管發(fā)生什么情況我都要鎮(zhèn)靜。 We’ll go along together whatever happens. 不