【正文】 39。ll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when thief handed everything he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that does she always ask you for help? There is no one else , is there? who to turn to B. she can turn to whom to turn D. for her to turn there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who39。s C. which D. whose39。m interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as isn39。t such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as way ______he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D. I went with him lost a book, ______I can39。t remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that39。re the only person ______I39。ve ever met ______could do it. A. who。/ B./。 whom C. whom。/ D./。 who參考答案及解析1. ACDBA DCAAA CBDAD DDBAD獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)講析一、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的概念獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（Absolute Structure）是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個句子。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞與其后的分詞等構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與主句不發(fā)生句法上的聯(lián)系，它的位置相當(dāng)靈活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗號將其與主句分開。需特別注意的是，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。二、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)基本構(gòu)成形式名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞（過去分詞；形容詞；副詞；不定式；名詞；介詞短語）　1. 名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．黑夜籠罩大地，誰也看不清遠(yuǎn)處黑壓壓的一片是什么東西。There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于沒有公共汽車，我們只好走回家。2. 名詞(代詞)+過去分詞The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人們的生活條件大大提高，他們工作得更起勁了。He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。3. 名詞(代詞)+不定式在“名詞/代詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞如果存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，動詞不定式則用主動的形式；如果是動賓關(guān)系，則用被動形式。The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我們四人同意分工干，每人翻譯全書的四分之一。Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newlybuilt school will look even more beautiful.種上許多的樹、花和草后，我們新建的學(xué)?？瓷先⒏?。4. 名詞(代詞)+形容詞The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse．特洛伊人睡著了，于是希臘士兵從中空的木馬里悄悄爬了出來。Computers very small, we can use them widely. 電腦雖小，我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。5. 名詞(代詞)+副詞The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散會了，校長很快就離開了會議室。The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 燈熄了，我們不能繼續(xù)工作了。6. 名詞(代詞)+名詞His first shot failure，he fired again．他第一槍沒擊中，又打了一槍。Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 兩百人死于事故，其中有許多兒童。7. 名詞(代詞) +介詞短語He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，頭枕著左臂，直挺挺地趴伏著。Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house，a vast load of firewood on her back．每天下午，一個背著一大背柴禾的老婦人都會從那間破舊的房屋前蹣跚著走過。三、with，without 引導(dǎo)的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)with ( without)+賓語（名詞/代詞）+賓語補足語，賓語通常由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)，但代詞一定要用賓格。上文的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況都適用于此結(jié)構(gòu)。The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起來，沒有人知道它在哪里。（without +名詞/代詞+動詞的ing形式）Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她沒再說什么話就離開了會議室。（without+名詞/代詞+動詞的ed形式）The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有這么多的名勝可參觀，小孩很激動。（with+名詞/代詞+動詞不定式）The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父親在前，小孩在后走著。（with+名詞/代詞+副詞）He stood at the door, with a puter in his hand. 或He stood at the door, puter in hand.他站在門口，手里拿著一部電腦。（with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語）With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.由于兒子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快樂。（with+名詞/代詞+形容詞）在with (without) 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。四、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語，表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等，還可以作定語。1. 作時間狀語My shoes removed，I entered a lowceilinged room，treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting．我脫掉鞋子后，走進(jìn)一間屋頂很低的房間，小心翼翼地踩在柔軟的塌塌米墊子上。The governor pondering the matter，more strikers gathered across his path．總督思考問題時，更多的罷工工人聚集在他要通過的路上。2. 作條件狀語Weather permitting，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow．如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱郊游。Such being the case，you have no grounds for dismissing him．如果情況如此的話，你沒有理由解聘他。3. 作原因狀語The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那個男孩帶路，我們很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 沒有別的事可討論，我們都回家了。4. 作伴隨狀語或補充說明I took my ticket，and marched proudly up the platform，with my cheeses，the people falling back respectfully on either side．我拿著車票還有我的奶酪，雄赳赳氣昂昂地跨步走向月臺。人們似乎很尊敬我，紛紛向兩邊退去。Ten students entered for the petition, the youngest a boy of 12.十個學(xué)生報名參加了這次競賽，年紀(jì)最小的是個12歲的男孩。5. 作定語，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作定語其功能相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. 他就是有許多問題要解決的那個人。He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一條兩邊沒有路燈的馬路上。Close to the bank I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky.靠近岸時，我看見幾個深池塘，池水碧似藍(lán)天。五、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)注意事項1. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)多用于書面語，尤其是描述性語言中，在口語和非正式文體中，一般用從句或兩個句子來代替。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在，名詞或代詞與后面的分詞等邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號