【正文】
讀懂合同文件 隨著我國(guó)改革開放的進(jìn)一步深化,世貿(mào)會(huì)組織的加入,經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的國(guó)際交往日趨頻繁,經(jīng)濟(jì)合作更加密切,國(guó)際間的一切經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng),如貿(mào)易、金融、投資、經(jīng)濟(jì)合作等都離不開互相制約的合同。合同文件的翻譯已成為急待研究的課題。由于合同文件的翻譯直接關(guān)系到合同雙方的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,因此譯文必須精確、無誤,這就需要充分理解原文的內(nèi)在含義,譯入語句構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)無懈、無漏,遣詞準(zhǔn)確、鮮明、專業(yè)詞匯嫻熟,使譯文具有專業(yè)化、法律化的水準(zhǔn)。動(dòng)手翻譯前要讀懂原文, 這原本是任何譯者都需要首先做到的,但在翻譯合同時(shí)尤其要強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn),為什么?因?yàn)檫@是做好合同翻譯的首要條件,合同語言不象文學(xué)語言那么有豐富的趣味性,看上隱了,不忍撒手,能讓你讀下去;也不象譯散文那么“短、平、快”。有速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q,優(yōu)美而感人??春贤募羌挚菰?、乏味的事,句子又長(zhǎng)、術(shù)語也多,理解上又頗費(fèi)功夫,許多人往往看不到一半就撒手不管了,或者望而卻步,不敢嘗試,或者草草看過,按照自己的理解應(yīng)付了事。因此,要讀懂合同原文,對(duì)提高合同的翻譯水平,如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不過份。筆者認(rèn)為要讀懂原文需注意下面幾個(gè)問題:一. 理解法律文件中的專門用語英語中某些副詞如“here”及“where”在法律文件中往往當(dāng)作前綴,與另一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成法律詞匯中的專門用語。在法律文件中用這些詞,可以避免重復(fù),避免誤解,避免歧義,使行文準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔。以這種方法構(gòu)成的詞主要有:hereafter, hereby, herein, hereof, hereto hereunder, hereupon, herewith, hereinbefore, hereinafter。thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith。whereas, whereby, wherein, whereof, whereon, etc。這些詞各有各的含義,筆者只能撿其中幾個(gè)細(xì)說:比如:1. Hereby: by means of。 by reason of this 之意,即特此,因此,茲等意。常用于法律文件、合同協(xié)議的正式文件的開頭語,在條款中需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)也可用。舉原文說明,如:The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and pletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may bee payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.文中:★hereby 意為 by reason of this,特此的意思?!顲ovenants 是動(dòng)詞,意為make a formal agreement 立約,簽訂合同?!?pletion of the Works 是工程的竣工,Works與Work 在工程承包合同文件中常指工程而不是工作之意?!?therein意為in the Works在本工程中?!飔he Contract Price指合同總價(jià),指工程的總造價(jià)?!?such…as是關(guān)系代詞,相當(dāng)于that, which,把要限定的詞置于such 與as之間使要限定的名詞十分明確,避免合同雙方在理解上發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議。★ under 意為in accordance with 根據(jù),按照之意,決不能譯成“在…….之下”。★ the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the contract 合同條件、條款之意。在對(duì)文中專業(yè)性詞匯作了解釋之后,就不難理解這一段的含義了,也就是讀懂了。于是可以把原文譯為:業(yè)主特此立約保證在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi),按合同規(guī)定的方式向承包人支付合同總價(jià),或合同規(guī)定的其它應(yīng)支付的款項(xiàng),作為本工程施工、竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中缺陷的報(bào)酬。2.Hereto: to this,上文已提及的,比如表示“本合同雙方”可以說“the Parties hereto”,這里的hereto表示“to this Contract” “本協(xié)議附件4”可以譯為“Appendix 4 hereto”,這里的hereto表示“to this Agreement”。讀下面的原文,可以進(jìn)一步理解hereto 在文中的作用。All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto. Should, through negotiation, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this mission shall be applied. The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto. The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.文中:★ 兩次出現(xiàn)的hereto, 都是限定Parties, 表示the Parties to this Contract 本合同的雙方。★ “the performance of this Contract”履行本合同?!铩皌hrough amicable ne