重工業(yè)向現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型(已修改)
2025-05-14 05:33 本頁面
【正文】 HOW TO REGENERATE THE LOCAL ECONOMY WITH NEW INDUSTRIES WHEN THE MINES CLOSE DOWN關(guān)閉礦井后，如何通過新行業(yè)振興當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)TRANSFORMATION OF HEAVY INDUSTRIES TOWARDS MODERN SERVICE INDUSTRY重工業(yè)向現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變Changshang, China 中國，長沙CONTENTS 目錄1. HEAVY INDUSTRIES 重工業(yè)2. DEFINITIONS 定義3. MINE CLOSURE 關(guān)閉礦井4. POST MINING LAND USE 原采礦土地的利用5. INVESTMENT PROMOTION IN MINING AREAS 促進(jìn)采礦區(qū)的投資6. COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING: EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE 重組煤炭行業(yè)：歐洲經(jīng)驗(yàn)7. CASE STUDY: ASTURIAS, SPAIN 案例研究：西班牙阿斯圖里亞斯8. GUIDELINES指導(dǎo)方針9. CONCLUSIONS結(jié)論HEAVY INDUSTRIES重工業(yè)HEAVY INDUSTRIES: PRIMARY SECTOR (STEEL MAKING, MINING, SHIPBUILDING,…)重工業(yè)：主要行業(yè)（煉鋼、采礦、造船 ……） BLAMED FOR POLLUTION 造成污染LARGE FACILITIES, . LARGE INDUSTRIAL GROUNDS 大型設(shè)施，例如占用大量工業(yè)用地BIG EMPLOYERS, MANY UNSKILLED WORKERS 企業(yè)規(guī)模龐大，許多工人缺乏技術(shù)MAIN ECONOMICAL ACTIVITY IN THE AREA 當(dāng)?shù)刂饕慕?jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng) D252。sseldorf, 1953DEFINITIONS定義RESTRUCTURING 重組PROCESS OF FINANCIAL RECOVERY, REORGANISATION AND REORIENTATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OR ENTERPRISE. IT AIMS TO REDUCE COST AND REDEPLOY CAPACITY IN THE SHORT TERM TO ENABLE CORPORATE VIABILITY OVER THE MEDIUM TERM. IN SOME CASES, THE ONLY REALISTIC OUTPUT OF RESTRUCTURING IS CLOSURE工業(yè)部門或企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇、重組和重新定位的過程。其目的是短期內(nèi)降低企業(yè)成本并重新部署資源，以提高企業(yè)長期發(fā)展的生命力。在某些情況下，重組唯一的現(xiàn)實(shí)出路就是停業(yè)關(guān)閉。REGENERATION 重建PROCESSES INVOLVED IN THE ECONOMIC RENEWAL OF AREAS, PARTICULARLY THOSE AFFECTED BY THE LOSS OF JOBS THROUGH THE RESTRUCTURING OR CLOSURE OF FORMER EMPLOYERS重建地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的過程，特別是受企業(yè)重組或關(guān)閉影響而造成嚴(yán)重失業(yè)現(xiàn)象的地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)重建。RECONVERSION 復(fù)原ADAPTING AN AREA TO EXISTING AND FUTURE ECONOMIC FORCES, SO THAT OVER THE LONG TERM, THE INHABITANTS AND COMMUNITIES CAN EXPECT LASTING AND EQUITABLY DISTRIBUTED JOB OPPORTUNITIES調(diào)整地區(qū)適應(yīng)現(xiàn)有或未來的經(jīng)濟(jì)力量，使居民和社區(qū)能長期地獲得持續(xù)、公平的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)MINE CLOSURE 關(guān)閉礦井? MINE CLOSURE IS THE PERMANENT CESSATION OF MINING OPERATIONS AND ALL SUBSEQUENT ACTIVITIES RELATED TO DECOMMISSIONING AND SITE REHABILITATION OR MONITORING 關(guān)閉礦井指永久性停止采礦作業(yè)以及與停運(yùn)、場地復(fù)原或監(jiān)控相關(guān)的一切后續(xù)活動(dòng)。? MINE CLOSURE IS A GROWING PROBLEM關(guān)閉礦井是一個(gè)日益嚴(yán)重的問題? MINE CLOSURE DUE TO? DEPLETION OF MINEABLE RESERVES ? ECONOMIC REASONS? SAFETY REASON關(guān)閉礦井的原因 可開采的資源枯竭 經(jīng)濟(jì)因素 安全因素 ? MAIN IMPACTS OF MINE CLOSURE?關(guān)閉礦井的主要影響? TECHNICAL/ENVIRONMENTAL? SOCIOECONOMICAL?技術(shù)影響 /環(huán)境影響?社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)影響Hitura mine, Nivala, FinlandMINE CLOSURE關(guān)閉礦井MINE CLOSURE關(guān)閉礦井From “Mine Closure Handbook”, by PM Heikkinen et al., Espoo 2022TECHNICAL/ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS技術(shù) /環(huán)境影響? PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STABILITY OF FORMER MINE SITE AND REMAINS原采礦地點(diǎn)及殘留物的物理、化學(xué)及生物穩(wěn)定性? SAFETY HAZARDS? MINE OPENINGS? SURFACE FACILITIES安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 礦井缺口 地表設(shè)施? REHABILITATION OF MINE SITE? MINE SITE? SPOIL HEAPS? TAILING PONDS礦址復(fù)原 采礦地點(diǎn) 廢石堆 尾礦池 ? ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS? DEGRADED ENVIRONMENT? ACID MINE DRAINAGE? SUBSIDENCE? SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION環(huán)境問題環(huán)境惡化排泄酸性礦水地表塌陷自燃 Sandaoling mine, PRCSOCIOECONOMICAL ASPECTS社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)影響? MINING COMPANIES USUALLY ARE THE MAIN EMPLOYERS IN THE AREA煤礦企業(yè)通常是當(dāng)?shù)刂饕髽I(yè)? MINING GENERATES MANY INDIRECT JOBS采礦業(yè)提供很多間接的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)? COMPARATIVELY HIGH SALARIES PROVIDE FOR HIGH LIVING STANDARD提供相對(duì)較高的薪水，有利于提高生活水平? LARGE LAND SURFACES THAT BECOME IDLE大面積地表土地閑置? SUDDEN DECREASE OF ECONONIC ACTIVITY MEANS WORSENING OF LIVING CONDITIONS經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的突然減少意味著生活條件的惡化? POSSIBLE RUPTURE OF THE COMMUNITY LINK 企業(yè)聯(lián)系可能中斷?LACK OF JOBS COULD LEAD TO EMIGRATION缺乏就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)可能導(dǎo)致移民
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