重工業(yè)向現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型(參考版)
2025-05-05 05:33本頁面
【正文】 ? GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE: NOT TOO BIG, NOT TOO SMALL, AT LEAST SUPRACOMUNAL?地理范圍：不能太大，不能太小，至少是一個大社區(qū)? WHO MUST BE REPRESENTED IN THIS BODY?EVERY CASE IS SPECIAL, BUT AT LEAST SOME OF THE FOLLOWING SOCIAL AGENTS:REGIONAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTSUNIONSBUSINESSMEN’S ASSOCIATIONSFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSMINING COMPANIES這個機構(gòu)必須包括哪些主體？每個案例都不完全相同，但至少應(yīng)具備下列社會因素： 地區(qū)政府 當?shù)卣? 工會 商人協(xié)會 金融機構(gòu) 采礦公司? WHO SHOULD PROVIDE THE FUNDS?NATIONAL/REGIONAL/LOCAL GOVERNMENTSMINING COMPANIESPRIVATE INVESTORS由誰提供基金？ 國家 /地區(qū) /當?shù)卣? 采礦公司 個體投資者COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING煤炭業(yè)重組EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES歐洲經(jīng)驗? COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING HAS BEEN AN ONGOING PROCESS FOR THE LAST 50 YEARS IN DIFFERENT EUROPEAN COUNTRIES?過去的 50年中，歐洲的很多國家都在對煤炭業(yè)進行重組? EACH COUNTRY HAS HAD A DIFFERENT APPROACH TO THIS PROBLEM?每個國家采取的方式有所不同COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING煤炭行業(yè)重組EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES歐洲的經(jīng)驗BELGIUM比利時? INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PLAN THAT INCORPORATED BOTH MINE CLOSURES AND THE CREATION OF ALTERNATIVE EMPLOYMENT?將關(guān)閉礦井和創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機會相結(jié)合，納入綜合管理計劃之中? TRAINING PROGRAMS TAILORED TO INDIVIDUAL NEEDS?根據(jù)個體需要調(diào)整培訓方案? PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON INMIGRANT COMMUNITIES IN THE COAL MINING AREAS?特別需要注意采礦地區(qū)的移民區(qū)FRANCE法國? STRONGLY STRUCTURED APPROACH?強有力的管理方式? THE STATE OWNED COAL PRODUCING COMPANY HAD A RESPONSIBILITY TO FIND ALTERNATIVE JOBS FOR ITS EMPLOYEES?國有煤炭生產(chǎn)企業(yè)有責任為其員工找到新的工作COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING煤炭業(yè)重組EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES歐洲經(jīng)驗GERMANY德國? DIFFERENT SITUATIONS IN EAST AND WEST GERMANY?東德和西德情況不同? EAST GERMANY: RAPID CONTRACTION OF EMPLOYMENT IN LIGNITE MINES?東德：褐煤業(yè)的就業(yè)率急速萎縮? WEST GERMANY: LONG TERM PLANNED DECLINE IN HARD COAL MINING EMPLOYMENT?西德：無煙煤開采業(yè)的就業(yè)長期按計劃減少? “SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE” APPROACH TO MINE CLOSURES AND THE IMPACT ON MINING COMMUNITIES?以 “社會上可接受的 ”方式關(guān)閉煤礦并減小對采礦區(qū)的影響THE NETHERLANDS荷蘭? TOTAL COAL MINING CLOSURE IN THE EARLY 1970s?早在 20世紀 70年代就關(guān)閉了所有的煤礦? IT IS POSSIBLE TO STUDY THE LONG TERM SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING?無法研究煤炭業(yè)重組對社會和經(jīng)濟的長期影響COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING煤炭業(yè)重組EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES歐洲經(jīng)驗SPAIN西班牙? CONSIDERATION OF SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES ON GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED COMMUNITIES?考慮地理上隔離的社區(qū)的社會影響? HIGH COST SUPPORT MEASURES 高成本的支持措施? NO RADICAL RESTRUCTURING OF HARD COAL MINING INDUSTRY HAS TAKEN PLACE?沒有發(fā)生對無煙煤開采業(yè)的激進重組UNITED KINGDOM英國? MASSIVE SHORTTERM RESTRUCTURING?大量的短期重組? SIGNIFICANT SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS IN MINING COMMUNITIES WITHIN WHICH ALTERNATIVE EMPLOYMENT WAS LIMITED?采礦區(qū)內(nèi)其他工作機會有限，因此出現(xiàn)嚴重的社會和經(jīng)濟問題CASE STUDY: ASTURIAS, SPAIN 案例研究：西班牙阿斯圖里亞斯AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY OF THE PRINCIPALITY OF ASTURIAS阿斯圖里亞斯公國的自治社區(qū)? LOCATED IN NORTHERN SPAIN位于西班牙北部? SURFACE: SQUARE KILOMETRES面積： ? POPULATION: INHABITANTS人口： ? TRADITIONAL MAIN ACTIVITIES: COAL MINING AND STEEL MAKING (PUBLIC COMPANIES) 傳統(tǒng)的主要經(jīng)濟活動：開采煤礦和煉鋼（上市公司）CASE STUDY: ASTURIAS, SPAIN 案例研究：西班牙阿斯圖里亞斯COAL MINING AREA(CENTRAL ASTURIAN MINING BASIN)煤礦開采區(qū)域（阿斯圖里亞斯中部煤礦區(qū)）? VALLEYS OF THE RIVERS NALON AND CAUDAL NALON和 CAUDAL河的山谷? 11 MUNICIPALITIES?11個自治市? 25% OF ASTURIAS POPULATION?占阿斯圖里亞斯人口的 25%? MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: COAL MINING?主要經(jīng)濟活動：煤礦開采? COMPANY: HUNOSA (STATE OWNED)?公司： HUNOSA（國有）SieroLangreoSMRALavianaMieresAllerMorcinRiosaCASE S
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