【正文】 英漢翻譯 EC translation —— 高 雷 On Teaching Translation from the theories of Peter Newmark I. Syllabus of this course II. Our ment of the syllabus III. Reference books IV. The success of translation course must depend: 1) 65% on the personality of the teacher。 2) 20% on the course design。 3) 15% on the course materials. V. The characteristics of translation: 1) A translation is never finished, it is always slightly but significantly depend on the interpretant or different interpretants, or the same one at another point of time and mood. 2) SL and TL cultural backgrounds are essential subjects in a university translation course. 3) Principles and methods of translation is the core of any fulltime vocational translation program. 4) A poor translator will translate the words as though they were isolated, will swallow any idiom or metaphor whole, or will write the kind of nonsense that makes sense but that can’t be visualised in any setting. VI. The relationship between student and teacher: 1) It has to be interactive, not passive。 2) If the students don’t ask questions, the class is a failure。 3) There is no such thing as a silly question, but there are only teachers’ silly answers。 4) The best teaching is hesitant. Lecture One The Four High Tides in the Translation History of China ? The Buddhist translations during the Han and Tang dynasties. Dao An(道安 )。 鳩摩羅什 。Xuan Zang (玄奘 ) ? The translations of the western religious scriptures and modern science during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Matteo Ricci(利瑪竇 )、 Xu Guangqi (徐光啟 )、 Lin Shu (林紓 )、 Yan Fu（嚴(yán)復(fù)） 嚴(yán)復(fù)及其故居 ? The translations of the western human sciences during the May 4th Movement. Hu Shi（胡適）、 Qu Qiubai（瞿秋白） Lu Xun and his brother （魯迅兄弟）； Zhao Jingshen （趙景深） ? The allround translations of the western culture after liberation, especially since the adoption of the reformandopen policy. Fu Lei（傅雷） 。 Qian Zhongshu(錢鍾書 )； Jiang Feng（江楓） 。 Xu YuanChong（許淵沖） 印度那爛陀大學(xué) (被建為玄奘取經(jīng)圣地 ) 翻譯家許淵沖 其他中外翻譯名家 David Hawkes 楊憲益 傅雷 錢鐘書 錢鐘書故里 錢鐘書 季羨林 石林 毛榮貴 呂俊 王宏印 孫迎春 Lecture Two Classic Cases of Translation I. translations with the reproduction of form and spirit (形神兼?zhèn)?) . 1: 七八個(gè)星天外， 兩三點(diǎn)雨山前。（辛棄疾） Beyond the clouds seven or eight stars twinkle, Before the hills two or three raindrops sparkle. (許淵沖 譯） . 2： 人曾為僧；人弗能成佛， 女卑為婢；女又可成奴。 A Buddhist cannot bud into a Buddha, A maiden may be made a home maid. （許淵沖 譯） . 3： star If you are A love passionate, You will walk with us this year. Huddld At your feet 星啊， 如果你那 愛中滿含憐憫， 來年就和我們同行。 我們面對(duì)冰河距離，如今 擁擠 在你腳底 (黃杲忻 譯） II. Translations with the spirit kept but form abandoned(得意忘形 ) ： Why the river is rich, because it has two banks. 為什么河流是富有的，因?yàn)樗傁?前（錢） 流。 ： 臺(tái)城 江雨霏霏江草齊， 六朝如夢(mèng)鳥空啼。 無情最是臺(tái)城柳， 依舊煙籠十里堤。 （唐 韋莊） The Heartless Willows Rain on the river, lashing the waters, drenching the weedy banks. Where, now, the pomp and profusion of the Six Dynasties? A dream。 a memory still alive, perhaps, in the birds that start crying every spring—to what avail? Most heartless are the willows. Draped in gauze, they dance, gay as ever, on the dikes around the former palace grounds. （翁顯良 譯） III. Translations with the form preserved but meaning distorted (得形忘義 ) .: 抽刀斷水水更流， 舉杯消愁愁更愁。（李白） Drawing sword, cut into water, water again flows。 Raising up, quench sorrow, sorrow again sorrow.（ Ezra Pound) IV. Translators’ impotence and readers’ sigh (譯者的無奈、讀者的遺憾 ) ： 石室詩士施氏，嗜獅，誓食十獅。氏時(shí)適市視獅。十時(shí)，適十獅適市。氏視十獅，恃矢勢(shì)，使十獅逝死。氏拾是十獅尸，適石室，石室濕，氏使拭石室，石室拭，氏始試食是十獅尸。食時(shí)，實(shí)識(shí)是獅尸，實(shí)十石獅尸，試釋是事。 ： Able was I ere I saw Elba. Lecture Three History of Translation Studies Translation Studies Translatology Philological phase Linguistic phase Cultural phase interdisciplinary phase Lecture Four Nine Differences between English and Chinese ? English is hypotactic。 Chinese is paratactic. . An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once traveling in China. ? 一個(gè)英國人，不會(huì)說中國話，有一次在中國旅行。 ? English is a kind of headfocus language； Chinese endfocus. . Tragedies can be written in Literature since there is tragedy in life. ? 生活中既然有悲劇，文學(xué)作品就可以寫悲劇。 ? English is static ； Chinese dynamic. 英語靜態(tài)特征在于句法和詞匯兩個(gè)方面，前者常使用非謂語或非限定動(dòng)詞以及省略動(dòng)詞；后者常使用動(dòng)詞名詞化、動(dòng)詞的同源名詞、動(dòng)詞的同源形容詞、介詞以及副詞等。而漢語則青睞動(dòng)詞。 ? I fell madly in love with her, and she with me. 我瘋狂地愛上了她，她也瘋狂地愛上了我。 ? English uses impersonal subjects； Chinese personal subjects. . A wave of cigar smoke acpanied Tom in. ? 湯姆進(jìn)門時(shí)，帶來一縷雪茄煙霧。 ? English likes the passive voice； Chinese the active voice. . It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver. ? 長期以來，大家知道心臟和肝臟的關(guān)系是最主要的。 ? English favors long pound sentences； Chinese short sentences. . Illness brought her a strange restlessness and made her all the more eager to cling to life and squeeze from it the last drop of happiness. It made her envy health, but it also made her sentimental over a leaf that the wind had blown into her room. ? 這種病使她特別敏感不安，她越發(fā)急切于抓住人生不放，似乎是要把人生的甜蜜幸福擠到最后的一滴而后已。這病使她多么羨慕人家的健康， 見一葉飄零，隨風(fēng)入室，便多愁善感。 ? English favors the end modification；Chinese the head. . It is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. ? 借助于想象與持不同偏見的人進(jìn)行辯論，是一個(gè)很好的辦法。 There’re tense and aspect in Englis