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time. 譯文 如果我母親知道這事,她一定會(huì)氣得死第二次的。 簡(jiǎn)析: 比喻是語言的重要特性,比喻通過形象來完成,因而,在翻譯中形象能保留則保留。 譯文 考古學(xué)家們的工作讓我們了解整個(gè)古埃及的情況。在翻譯,為了保存這份含蓄之美,完全可以直譯。 2) Wherefore it is better to be a guest of the law, which, though conducted by rules, does not meddle unduly with a gentleman’s private affairs. (O. Henry The Cop and the Anthem) 譯文: 因此,還是去做法律的顧客比較好,法律雖然按章辦事,但不會(huì)干涉爺們的私事。 簡(jiǎn)析 : 原文用委婉語 out of pocket來代替 poor, bankrupt等直露而羞于啟齒的詞,而且與 out of spirits兩相照應(yīng),對(duì)比成趣。翻譯時(shí),江楓先生不僅準(zhǔn)確再現(xiàn)了原作的語言結(jié)構(gòu)和修辭手段,而且,很好地再現(xiàn)了原作的音韻,由形入手,最后達(dá)到形神兼?zhèn)?,再現(xiàn)了惠特曼原作的雄健、優(yōu)美、悲壯。 2) O, Captain! My Captain! O Captain! My Captain! Our fearful trip is done, The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won, The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring, But O heart ! heart ! heart ! O the bleeding drops of red ! Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. … ( Walt Whitman ) 譯文 : 哦, 船長(zhǎng)! 我的 船長(zhǎng)! 哦,船長(zhǎng)!我的船長(zhǎng)!我們險(xiǎn)惡的航程,已告結(jié)束, 我們的船安渡驚濤駭浪,我們尋求的獎(jiǎng)賞已贏得手中, 港灣已經(jīng)不遠(yuǎn),鐘聲我已聽見,萬千人眾在歡呼吶喊, 目迎著我們的船從容返航,我們的船威武,而且勇敢, 可是,心??!心??!心??! 哦,殷紅的血滴在流瀉! 在甲板上,那里躺著我的船長(zhǎng), 他已倒下,已死去,已冷卻。 (辛棄疾) 譯文 : Beyond the clouds seven or eight stars twinkle, Before the hills two or three raindrops sparkle. (許淵沖 譯) 簡(jiǎn)析 : 原文對(duì)仗工整,意境豐富,音美、形美、意美。在翻譯中,譯者也用相應(yīng)的語體再現(xiàn),切近原文的風(fēng)格,且對(duì)仗工整,也具有了別樣的美。 簡(jiǎn)析 : 原文運(yùn)用了提喻( synecdoche)的修辭手法,用 “ moustaches‖和“ breasts‖來指代男人和女人。毛先生借楊萬里詩 “ 小荷才露尖尖角,早有蜻蜓立上頭 ” ,取其意境,轉(zhuǎn)換意象,由朦朧到清晰,形象鮮明生動(dòng),浮現(xiàn)眼前。 (毛澤東) 譯文 : Militia Women Inscription on a Photo So bright and brave, with rifles five feet long, At early dawn they shine on a drilling place. Most Chinese daughters have desire so strong, To face the powder and not to powder the face. (許淵沖 譯) 簡(jiǎn)析 : 原詩中 “ 不愛紅裝愛武裝 ” ,在許先生的譯筆下,形象變得鮮明起來,抓住了原詩意象背后的含義,發(fā)揮英語的優(yōu)勢(shì),創(chuàng)造性使用了 “ powder‖和 “ face‖兩詞,再造意象,意境因之更美。 二、 意象美 1) 為女民兵題照 颯爽英姿五尺槍,曙光初照演兵場(chǎng)。 (魯迅 《 故鄉(xiāng) 》 ) 譯文 : We also had quite a number of visitors, some to see us off, some to fetch things, and some to do both. 簡(jiǎn)析 : 原文是一個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu),將意義相近、語氣類似的內(nèi)容用相同形式展現(xiàn)了出來,一氣呵成,行文流水。 譯文 : 律師們?yōu)楹嗡卟缓??因?yàn)樗麄円粫?huì)兒這邊倒,一會(huì)兒那邊倒,所以總是睡不著。得其語趣,筆者以 “ 倒 ” 譯之,一來再現(xiàn)其兩面三刀,二來兼有 “ 躺 ” 意。 || 許多人固定在一段短時(shí)間內(nèi)用餐,而在正餐時(shí)間之外想吃東西的人,可供選擇的食物就很少。 || 演唱會(huì)結(jié)束以后,他提出要像往常那樣到后臺(tái)見見他的崇拜者。|| 樹木長(zhǎng)得相當(dāng)濃密,要想穿過去實(shí)在是不易。 || 那時(shí),我開始像成年人那樣能夠感知生命的痛苦與悲劇了。 ? 在關(guān)系代詞前切斷分譯 ? This secretary was aware|| that final decisions must be held open for the general manager. ? 5)這位秘書心中明白, || 最終的拍板還得靠總經(jīng)理。 ? 在副詞短語前切斷分譯 ? There is a physical and mental and spiritual enjoyment that es from a consciousness of being the absolute master of one’s work, || in all its details, that is very satisfactory and inspiring. ?如果對(duì)工作能完全自覺掌握,那么在生理與精神上就能感到愉悅。 || 老頭兒看見它的眼珠已經(jīng)沒有生氣了,但是它又翻滾了一下,滾得它自己又被繩子纏了兩道。 11)拿破侖曾在這兒站過。 5. Inversion (詞序調(diào)整) ? Inversion means the necessary or even inevitable change of wordorder in a sentence according to the usage of the language to be translated into. 1) 我你他 2)衣食住 3)東南西北 4)男女老少 5)分清敵我 6)鋼鐵工業(yè) 7)回憶馬克思 8)救死扶傷 1) you, he and I 2) food, clothing and housing 3) north, south, east and west 4) men, women, young and old 5) Draw a clear distinction between ourselves and the enemy 6) The iron and steel industry 7) Reminiscences of Marx 8) Heal the wounded, rescue the dying. 9) 我們從來沒有看見過這樣光明的前途。 6)這篇文章不合格。 4) 立即出發(fā),刻不容緩。 2) 他的工作遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠完美。 3)雖然 空氣 看不見,但我們周圍處處是空氣。 3. Conversion (詞類轉(zhuǎn)換) ? Conversion is one of the most important translation techniques required essentially by the differences in syntactic structure of the two language—Chinese and English. ? 請(qǐng)看例句: 1)One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world. 2) Steven was eloquent and elegant—but soft. 3) Though we cannot see it, there is air all around us. 1)發(fā)言人一個(gè)接一個(gè)表示要 打倒 帝國(guó)主義,要 消滅 剝削人的制度,要 解放 世界上的被壓迫人民。 4)兩個(gè)星期以來,他一直注意房子的情況,查看各個(gè)房間、留心電路的走向以及通道和花園的布局。 2)早知如此,我就不參加了。 2. Omission (省略) ? It doesn39。 譯文: ? 1. He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. ? 2. It is only shallow people who judge by appearance. ? 3. Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. ? 4. Three cobblers with their wits bined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind. ? 5. If one is not patient in small things, one will never be able to control great ventures. ? 6. Although you may escort a quest a thousand miles, yet must the parting e at last. 7) Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 8) Day after day he came to his work—sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 7)從別人的失敗中汲取教訓(xùn)比從自己的失敗中 汲取教訓(xùn) 更好。 ? 5)、小不忍則亂大謀。 ? 3)、外面一團(tuán)漆黑,大雨傾盆。 ? 翻譯的一般步驟 : ? 理清句子主干 ? 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換隨便 ? 表達(dá)符合習(xí)慣 ? 再現(xiàn)原文重點(diǎn) 第六講 常用翻譯技術(shù) (增詞 ) ? Amplification means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of an accurate prehension of the original. ? 請(qǐng)看譯例 : ? 1)、沒有調(diào)查就沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。 不定式處理 To make our country stronger, everyone should make their contribution. ? 為了祖國(guó)更加強(qiáng)大,每個(gè)人都應(yīng)作出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。 ? 名詞處理 A famous singer, she is very popular in China. ? 她是中國(guó)非常著名的歌唱