土木巖土地質(zhì)工程專業(yè)外文翻譯原文和譯文(已修改)
2024-11-07 14:07 本頁面
【正文】 某某某 大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） Failure Properties of Fractured Rock Masses as Anisotropic Homogenized Media Introduction It is monly acknowledged that rock masses always display discontinuous surfaces of various sizes and orientations, usually referred to as fractures or joints. Since the latter have much poorer mechanical characteristics than the rock material, they play a decisive role in the overall behavior of rock structures,whose deformation as well as failure patterns are mainly governed by those of the joints. It follows that, from a geomechanical engineering standpoint, design methods of structures involving jointed rock masses, must absolutely account for such ‘‘weakness’’ surfaces in their analysis. The most straightforward way of dealing with this situation is to treat the jointed rock mass as an assemblage of pieces of intact rock material in mutual interaction through the separating joint interfaces. Many designoriented methods relating to this kind of approach have been developed in the past decades, among them,the wellknown ‘‘block theory,’’ which attempts to identify poten tially unstable lumps of rock from geometrical and kinematical considerations (Goodman and Shi 1985。 Warburton 1987。 Goodman 1995). One should also quote the widely used distinct element method, originating from the works of Cundall and coauthors (Cundall and Strack 1979。 Cundall 1988), which makes use of an explicit ?nitedifference numerical scheme for puting the displacements of the blocks considered as rigid or deformable bodies. In this context, attention is primarily focused on the formulation of realistic models for describing the joint behavior. Since the previously mentioned direct approach is being highly plex, and then numerically untractable, as soon as a very large number of blocks is involved, it seems advisable to look for alternative methods such as those derived from the conc ept of homogenization. Actually, such a concept is already partially conveyed in an empirical fashion by the famous Hoek and Brown’s criterion (Hoek and Brown 1980。 Hoek 1983). It stems from the intuitive idea that from a macroscopic point of view, a rock mass intersected by a regular work of joint surfaces, may be perceived as a homogeneous continuum. Furthermore, owing to the existence of joint preferential orientations, one should expect such a homogenized material to exhibit anisotropic properties. The objective of the present paper is to derive a rigorous formulation for the failure criterion of a jointed rock mass as a homogenized medium, from the knowledge of the joints and rock material respective criteria. In the particular situation where twomutually orthogonal joint sets are considered, a closedform expression is obtained, giving clear evidence of the related strength anisotropy. A parison is performed on an illustrative example between the results produced by the homogenization method,making use of the previously determined criterion, and those obtained by means of a puter code based on the distinct element method. It is shown that, while both methods lead to almost identical results for a densely fractured rock mass, a ‘‘size’’ or ‘‘scale effect’’ is observed in the case of a limited number of joints. The second part of the paper is then devoted to proposing a method which attempts to capture such a scale effect, while still taking advantage of a homogenization technique. This is 某某某 大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） achieved by resorting to a micropolar or Cosserat
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