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【正文】 中國最龐大的下資料庫 (整理 . 版權歸原作者所有 ) 第 1 頁 共 36 頁 寫 作 第一部分 寫作的要求、評分標準及評卷實例 (一)短文寫作的要求 《碩士研究生英語入學考試大綱》規(guī)定:英語短文寫作,要求考生根據提示信息寫出一篇約 200個單詞的短文(不包括試題中所給的短文開頭的第一句話)。出題方式有:命題作文、看圖作文、情景作文或段首句作文。短文必須根據考題中所給的題目和提綱所規(guī)定的范圍來寫。主要測試考生綜合運用英語(包括詞匯、語法、邏輯等)的能力。 (二)評分標準 本題采用總體評分法,通篇分檔計分,即從內容和語言兩個方面進行綜合評判。語言上的錯誤, 要視其是否影響清楚地表達思想,或成為理解上的障礙,來判來定其嚴重程度?!皹泳怼笔窃u分標準的具體化。每一分數段的中間分,各有樣卷兩份。閱卷員要根據第五項的評分標準,對照“樣卷”進行評分(不得給 )。評分要實事求是,嚴肅認真,標準始終統一,要避免前緊后松,還應避免趨中現象。作文的字數明顯不足者,結合其內容和語言適當扣分。 1999年評分標準 15—— 13分:內容切題,包括圖中說明 effect的有關信息;清楚表達其內涵,文字連貫;句式有變化,句子結構和用詞正確,文章長度符合要求。 12—— 10分:內容切題,包括圖中說明 effect的有關信息,比較清楚地表達其內涵;文字基本連貫;句式有一定變化,句子結構和用詞無重大錯誤,文章長度符合要求。 9分 —— 7分:內容切題,基本包括圖中說明 effect的有關信息;基本清楚地表達其內涵;句子結構和用詞有少量錯誤,文章長度符合要求。 6分 —— 4分:內容基本切題,基本表達圖中信息,語句可以理解,但有較多的句子結構和用詞錯誤,文章長度基本符合要求。 3分 —— 1分:基本按圖寫作,但只有少數句子可理解。 0分:文不切題, 語句混亂,無法理解。 1998年評分標準 本題以通篇文檔計分,計分標準如下: 15—— 13分:內容切題,包括圖畫的全部信息;清楚表達其內涵,文字連貫;句式有變化,句子結構和用詞正確。文章長度符合要求。 12—— 10分:內容切題,包括圖畫的全部信息;比較清楚地表達其內涵,文字基本連貫,句式有一定變化,句子結構和用詞無重大錯誤,文章長度符合要求。 9—— 7分:內容切題,基本包括圖畫的信息;基本清楚地表達其內涵,句子結構和用詞有少量錯誤。文章長度符合要求。 6—— 4分: 基本表達圖畫信息,語句可以理解,但有較多的句子結構和用詞錯誤。文章長度基本符合要求。 中國最龐大的下資料庫 (整理 . 版權歸原作者所有 ) 第 2 頁 共 36 頁 3—— 1分:基本按圖畫寫作,但只有少數句子可理解。 0分:文不切題,語句混亂,無法理解。 長度計分標準 120—— 150詞:扣 2分 90—— 120詞:扣 5分 90詞以下:最高分不超過 6分 1997年評分標準 各檔評分標準如下: 15分 —— 13分:內容符合要求,包括對各圖的說明,對趨勢的預測理由,數字表達正確,語言流暢,句式變化多樣,用詞面寬,雖有個別不妥之 處,仍表明作者語言基本功較好,表達能力較強,長度符合要求。 12分 —— 10分:內容符合要求,包括對各圖的說明,對趨勢的預測及理由,數字表達正確,思想表達清楚,文字連貫,句式變化較多,結構與用詞有少量一般性錯誤,長度符合要求。 9分 —— 7分:內容符合要求,包括對各圖的說明,對趨勢的預測及理由,表達基本清楚,但結構與用詞錯誤較多,數字表達有誤,長度符合要求。 6分 —— 4分:內容基本符合要求,語句尚可理解,但結構與用詞錯誤多,有些是嚴重錯誤數字表達錯誤,長度符合要求。 3分 —— 1分 :內容與本題要求部分有關,除事先備好但與要求不符的語句外,結構與用詞錯誤多且嚴重,詞不達意,條理不清,不成篇章,數字表達混亂。 0分:語句幾乎無一正確,數字表達混亂,長度不合要求。套用事先備好的文章,但文不對聯題,不能給分。 1991—— 1996年評分標準 本題以通篇分檔計分,計分標準如下:總分 15 分 15—— 13分:內容切題,包括提綱的全部要點表達清楚,文字連貫;句式有變化,句子結構和用詞正確。 12—— 10分:內容切題,包括提綱的全部要點;表達清楚,文字基本連貫;句式 有一些變化,句子結構和用詞無重大錯誤。 9—— 7分:內容切題,基本包括文章的要點;表達基本清楚,句子結構和用詞有少量錯誤。 6—— 4分:內容基本切題,語句可以理解,但有較多的句子結構和用詞錯誤。 3—— 1分:基本按題意寫作,但只有少數句子可以理解。 0分:文不切題,語句混亂,無法理解。 長度計分標準: 91—— 100詞:扣 1分 81—— 91詞:扣 71—— 80詞:扣 4分 61—— 70詞:扣 6分 60詞以下:扣 8分 中國最龐大的下資料庫 (整理 . 版權歸原作者所有 ) 第 3 頁 共 36 頁 (三 )評卷實例( 1999年) Directions: A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words. B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET II. C. Your essay should cover these three points: 1. effect of the country39。s growing human population on its wildlife 2. possible reason for the effect 3. your suggestion for wildlife protection 樣卷 1.得分 14分 From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that, with the growth of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, and some species have even vanished from our pla. Why does this phenomenon appear? I think there are several possible reasons for this. First, with a rapid growth of population, more and more people came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new evironment and die. Second, although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Third, with the development of the industry, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. The deforestration has bee more and more serious. So some of the wildlives bee homeless and extinct. In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. Second, the governments should educate people to love nature and protect it. Third, as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment. 樣卷 2.得分 11分 There are two graphs about the changes of population and wildlife in the . 中國最龐大的下資料庫 (整理 . 版權歸原作者所有 ) 第 4 頁 共 36 頁 As is seen in the graphs, with the rising of population, the number of extincted species increased. Obviously, there is a strong effect of population over the wildlife in this country. Why does is happen? I can say there are many reasons. First, man continued to hunt animals for food and money and many valuable species were killed. Second, wildlife lost their surviving space, bacause man expanded their industry at a rapid speed. More land was needed for this development As a result, wildlife has no place to live. The last reason is that the environment for wildlife has been polluted, and many species died. In my opinion, we should educate people to love the wild animals, not to kill and eat them. We also need to provide wildlife with a good living conditions. We must also lay down a law to protect the wild animals. 得卷 3.得分 8分 As is shown in the table, the number of people increased from less than one million in 1800 to 250 millon in 1990 in . According to the figures in table, we also can see that there has been a sharp dicline in the wildlife species. It39。s clear that the country39。s growing population have a harmful effect on wildlife. The possible reason I think are as follows: For the first place, the population growth makes the room of the wildlife. Secondly, the pollution causing of people gets rid of large number of wildlife. Maybe there are some other reason to show the wildlife downs, but people generally believe that the above reason are mon acceptable. From the above, we can see that it is urgent to protect the wildlife. In my opinion, we ask the govenments to take measures to keep the po
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