【正文】 中國(guó)最龐大的下資料庫(kù) (整理 . 版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 1 頁(yè) 共 36 頁(yè) 寫(xiě) 作 第一部分 寫(xiě)作的要求、評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及評(píng)卷實(shí)例 （一）短文寫(xiě)作的要求 《碩士研究生英語(yǔ)入學(xué)考試大綱》規(guī)定：英語(yǔ)短文寫(xiě)作，要求考生根據(jù)提示信息寫(xiě)出一篇約 200個(gè)單詞的短文（不包括試題中所給的短文開(kāi)頭的第一句話(huà)）。出題方式有：命題作文、看圖作文、情景作文或段首句作文。短文必須根據(jù)考題中所給的題目和提綱所規(guī)定的范圍來(lái)寫(xiě)。主要測(cè)試考生綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)（包括詞匯、語(yǔ)法、邏輯等）的能力。 （二）評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 本題采用總體評(píng)分法，通篇分檔計(jì)分，即從內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言?xún)蓚€(gè)方面進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判。語(yǔ)言上的錯(cuò)誤， 要視其是否影響清楚地表達(dá)思想，或成為理解上的障礙，來(lái)判來(lái)定其嚴(yán)重程度。“樣卷”是評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的具體化。每一分?jǐn)?shù)段的中間分，各有樣卷兩份。閱卷員要根據(jù)第五項(xiàng)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)照“樣卷”進(jìn)行評(píng)分（不得給 ）。評(píng)分要實(shí)事求是，嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)始終統(tǒng)一，要避免前緊后松，還應(yīng)避免趨中現(xiàn)象。作文的字?jǐn)?shù)明顯不足者，結(jié)合其內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言適當(dāng)扣分。 1999年評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 15—— 13分：內(nèi)容切題，包括圖中說(shuō)明 effect的有關(guān)信息；清楚表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵，文字連貫；句式有變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞正確，文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 12—— 10分：內(nèi)容切題，包括圖中說(shuō)明 effect的有關(guān)信息，比較清楚地表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵；文字基本連貫；句式有一定變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無(wú)重大錯(cuò)誤，文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 9分 —— 7分：內(nèi)容切題，基本包括圖中說(shuō)明 effect的有關(guān)信息；基本清楚地表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵；句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞有少量錯(cuò)誤，文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 6分 —— 4分：內(nèi)容基本切題，基本表達(dá)圖中信息，語(yǔ)句可以理解，但有較多的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯(cuò)誤，文章長(zhǎng)度基本符合要求。 3分 —— 1分：基本按圖寫(xiě)作，但只有少數(shù)句子可理解。 0分：文不切題， 語(yǔ)句混亂，無(wú)法理解。 1998年評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 本題以通篇文檔計(jì)分，計(jì)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下： 15—— 13分：內(nèi)容切題，包括圖畫(huà)的全部信息；清楚表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵，文字連貫；句式有變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞正確。文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 12—— 10分：內(nèi)容切題，包括圖畫(huà)的全部信息；比較清楚地表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵，文字基本連貫，句式有一定變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無(wú)重大錯(cuò)誤，文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 9—— 7分：內(nèi)容切題，基本包括圖畫(huà)的信息；基本清楚地表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞有少量錯(cuò)誤。文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 6—— 4分： 基本表達(dá)圖畫(huà)信息，語(yǔ)句可以理解，但有較多的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯(cuò)誤。文章長(zhǎng)度基本符合要求。 中國(guó)最龐大的下資料庫(kù) (整理 . 版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 2 頁(yè) 共 36 頁(yè) 3—— 1分：基本按圖畫(huà)寫(xiě)作，但只有少數(shù)句子可理解。 0分：文不切題，語(yǔ)句混亂，無(wú)法理解。 長(zhǎng)度計(jì)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 120—— 150詞：扣 2分 90—— 120詞：扣 5分 90詞以下：最高分不超過(guò) 6分 1997年評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 各檔評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下： 15分 —— 13分：內(nèi)容符合要求，包括對(duì)各圖的說(shuō)明，對(duì)趨勢(shì)的預(yù)測(cè)理由，數(shù)字表達(dá)正確，語(yǔ)言流暢，句式變化多樣，用詞面寬，雖有個(gè)別不妥之 處，仍表明作者語(yǔ)言基本功較好，表達(dá)能力較強(qiáng)，長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 12分 —— 10分：內(nèi)容符合要求，包括對(duì)各圖的說(shuō)明，對(duì)趨勢(shì)的預(yù)測(cè)及理由，數(shù)字表達(dá)正確，思想表達(dá)清楚，文字連貫，句式變化較多，結(jié)構(gòu)與用詞有少量一般性錯(cuò)誤，長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 9分 —— 7分：內(nèi)容符合要求，包括對(duì)各圖的說(shuō)明，對(duì)趨勢(shì)的預(yù)測(cè)及理由，表達(dá)基本清楚，但結(jié)構(gòu)與用詞錯(cuò)誤較多，數(shù)字表達(dá)有誤，長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 6分 —— 4分：內(nèi)容基本符合要求，語(yǔ)句尚可理解，但結(jié)構(gòu)與用詞錯(cuò)誤多，有些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤數(shù)字表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤，長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 3分 —— 1分 ：內(nèi)容與本題要求部分有關(guān)，除事先備好但與要求不符的語(yǔ)句外，結(jié)構(gòu)與用詞錯(cuò)誤多且嚴(yán)重，詞不達(dá)意，條理不清，不成篇章，數(shù)字表達(dá)混亂。 0分：語(yǔ)句幾乎無(wú)一正確，數(shù)字表達(dá)混亂，長(zhǎng)度不合要求。套用事先備好的文章，但文不對(duì)聯(lián)題，不能給分。 1991—— 1996年評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 本題以通篇分檔計(jì)分，計(jì)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下：總分 15 分 15—— 13分：內(nèi)容切題，包括提綱的全部要點(diǎn)表達(dá)清楚，文字連貫；句式有變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞正確。 12—— 10分：內(nèi)容切題，包括提綱的全部要點(diǎn)；表達(dá)清楚，文字基本連貫；句式 有一些變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無(wú)重大錯(cuò)誤。 9—— 7分：內(nèi)容切題，基本包括文章的要點(diǎn)；表達(dá)基本清楚，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞有少量錯(cuò)誤。 6—— 4分：內(nèi)容基本切題，語(yǔ)句可以理解，但有較多的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯(cuò)誤。 3—— 1分：基本按題意寫(xiě)作，但只有少數(shù)句子可以理解。 0分：文不切題，語(yǔ)句混亂，無(wú)法理解。 長(zhǎng)度計(jì)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： 91—— 100詞：扣 1分 81—— 91詞：扣 71—— 80詞：扣 4分 61—— 70詞：扣 6分 60詞以下：扣 8分 中國(guó)最龐大的下資料庫(kù) (整理 . 版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 3 頁(yè) 共 36 頁(yè) （三 ）評(píng)卷實(shí)例（ 1999年） Directions: A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words. B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET II. C. Your essay should cover these three points: 1. effect of the country39。s growing human population on its wildlife 2. possible reason for the effect 3. your suggestion for wildlife protection 樣卷 1．得分 14分 From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that, with the growth of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, and some species have even vanished from our pla. Why does this phenomenon appear? I think there are several possible reasons for this. First, with a rapid growth of population, more and more people came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new evironment and die. Second, although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Third, with the development of the industry, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. The deforestration has bee more and more serious. So some of the wildlives bee homeless and extinct. In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. Second, the governments should educate people to love nature and protect it. Third, as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment. 樣卷 2．得分 11分 There are two graphs about the changes of population and wildlife in the . 中國(guó)最龐大的下資料庫(kù) (整理 . 版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 4 頁(yè) 共 36 頁(yè) As is seen in the graphs, with the rising of population, the number of extincted species increased. Obviously, there is a strong effect of population over the wildlife in this country. Why does is happen? I can say there are many reasons. First, man continued to hunt animals for food and money and many valuable species were killed. Second, wildlife lost their surviving space, bacause man expanded their industry at a rapid speed. More land was needed for this development As a result, wildlife has no place to live. The last reason is that the environment for wildlife has been polluted, and many species died. In my opinion, we should educate people to love the wild animals, not to kill and eat them. We also need to provide wildlife with a good living conditions. We must also lay down a law to protect the wild animals. 得卷 3．得分 8分 As is shown in the table, the number of people increased from less than one million in 1800 to 250 millon in 1990 in . According to the figures in table, we also can see that there has been a sharp dicline in the wildlife species. It39。s clear that the country39。s growing population have a harmful effect on wildlife. The possible reason I think are as follows: For the first place, the population growth makes the room of the wildlife. Secondly, the pollution causing of people gets rid of large number of wildlife. Maybe there are some other reason to show the wildlife downs, but people generally believe that the above reason are mon acceptable. From the above, we can see that it is urgent to protect the wildlife. In my opinion, we ask the govenments to take measures to keep the po