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上海理工大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) I 基于最優(yōu)估算的調(diào)速狀態(tài)觀測器的設(shè)計及研究 摘要 狀態(tài)反饋是現(xiàn)代控制理論中一種非常重要的控制規(guī)律。在工程實踐中,當狀態(tài)變量不能直接檢測時,通常構(gòu)造系統(tǒng)的漸近狀態(tài)觀測器來重構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)以實現(xiàn)狀態(tài)反饋。我們經(jīng)??吹綍校瑺顟B(tài)觀測器的設(shè)計都是默認系統(tǒng)的輸出完全可測。然而,在工程實踐中,由于物理或經(jīng)濟條件所限,某些控制系統(tǒng)的輸出變量并不能夠完全可測。 例如 在直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中,負載轉(zhuǎn)矩作為一個外加擾動量而存在。 但是對 負載轉(zhuǎn)矩的測量是十分困難的, 由此我們可以利用 負載轉(zhuǎn)矩觀測器估值,實現(xiàn)對轉(zhuǎn)矩的測量,從而實現(xiàn)對轉(zhuǎn)矩變化的擾動補 償。 而對于現(xiàn)有的電動機,安裝測速發(fā)電機不僅麻煩而且不經(jīng)濟。 由此,我們可以利用狀態(tài)觀測器分別對轉(zhuǎn)速和負載轉(zhuǎn)矩進行狀態(tài) 重構(gòu),并且用重構(gòu)的狀態(tài)進行狀態(tài)反饋,從而使調(diào)速系統(tǒng)更經(jīng)濟、更具 抗擾性。 關(guān)鍵詞:狀態(tài)觀測器,狀態(tài)反饋, 最優(yōu)估算 基于最優(yōu)估算的調(diào)速狀態(tài)觀測器的設(shè)計與研究 II BASED ON THE OPTIMAL ESTIMATION SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM STATE OBSERVER DESIGN AND RESEARCH ABSTRACT State feedback is a kind of very important control law in the modern control theory. In the engineering practice, when the state variables can not be measured directly, they are usually constructed by the asymptotic state observer of the system to realize the state feedback. In the past literatures, when designing the state observers, authors always took it for granted that the output variables could be measured pletely. However, in the engineering practices, limited by the physical or economic conditions, the output variables of some control systems could not be measured pletely. We take the DC converter system for an example, the loadtorsion is seemed as an additional disturbance. But it difficult for us to measure it, thus we can get use of the state observer to reconstruct the loadtorsion. For the existing DC motor, it is hard and less economic for us to equip speedmeasuring machine. Thus we need to design a state observer to estimate speed and the load torsion, and the estimation will be used as the plant of the state feedback, and doing this can make the system more economic and be more antidisturbance. KEYWORDS: state observers, state feedback , optimal estimation 上海理工大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) III 目 錄 中文摘要 ABSTRACT 第一章 狀態(tài)觀測器及其應(yīng)用 1 狀態(tài)觀測器 1 全階觀測器的設(shè)計準則 3 4 5 5 進一步的討論 7 直流調(diào)速 系統(tǒng)中 狀態(tài)觀測器的應(yīng)用 8 第二章 系統(tǒng)各部分介紹及設(shè)計內(nèi)容 10 直流電動機 10 橋式可逆 PWM 變換器 11 PWM 控制器 12 轉(zhuǎn)速、負載轉(zhuǎn)矩調(diào)節(jié)器的設(shè)計 14 降階狀態(tài)觀測器的設(shè)計 18 第 三 章 系統(tǒng)各部分介紹及設(shè)計內(nèi)容 22 MATLAB/SIMULINK 簡介 22 基于 MATLAB 的控制系統(tǒng)仿真及分析 22 第 四 章 小結(jié) 18