【正文】 北京航空航天大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計 (論文 ) 第 1 頁 等截面葉片鋼板彈簧的應(yīng)力強度分析 摘 要 鋼板彈簧是汽車懸架中應(yīng)用最廣泛的一種彈性元件，主要用于載重汽車及大客車的前后懸架上。它 的功用是緩沖與吸收車輛行駛中受到的沖擊和振動，保證各種力的傳遞，直接影響到汽車行駛的平順性及操縱穩(wěn)定性。鋼板彈簧在工作時，葉片之間存在摩擦力，而采用傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法無法考慮片間摩擦力對鋼板彈簧的影響，為了更加準確的分析鋼板彈簧的受力情況，本文采用有限元方法對鋼板彈簧的應(yīng)力及垂直剛度進行了分析。 本文首先 對等截面葉片的普通鋼板彈簧 采用 傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法 —— 材料力學(xué)的 共同曲率法確定其垂 直剛度以及不同載荷下的最大應(yīng)力值。 本文研究的重點是充分 考慮 鋼板彈簧裝配時及承載時各葉 片 之間的強烈的非線性摩擦， 以北京吉普汽車有限公司 的 2020 改進前 鋼板彈簧為例，用 ANSYS 有限元軟件 建立鋼板彈簧模型，利用該軟件提供的非線性接觸分析功能，計算得到 鋼板彈簧 自由狀態(tài)的弧高和裝配預(yù)應(yīng)力，對該彈簧進行逐步加載，計算得到它的剛度曲線以及在各載荷下的應(yīng)力情況。 最后，與傳統(tǒng)計算方法得到的結(jié)果比較，得到有限元法分析的一些優(yōu)點。 關(guān)鍵詞： 鋼板彈簧 ， 有限元法 ，接觸 北京航空航天大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計 (論文 ) 第 2 頁 Research on Spring Rate and the Stress of MultiLeaf Spring Author: Li Minlan Tutor: Shan Yingchun Abstract Leaf spring is one of the most popular flexible parts in automobile suspension system, as used in front and rear suspension of trucks or buses. It serves to absorb and store the energy and vibration in driving and then release it. When working, there is friction between leaves. However, the effect upon the spring can’t be considered in the tradition method. And the finite element method is taken to analyze the stress of the spring and the spring rate for more exact results. First of all, the stress of the multispring is examined, and the spring rate is analyzed by the traditional method, which used the model of curved beam. Then, using the finite element method, intensive nonlinear friction between the leaves is taken full account of after the leaf spring was assembled and loaded consequently, which is the pivot of this paper. At the same time, the geometry model is got from the initial designing of the advantaged front leaf spring of Beijing Jeep 2020, and the finite element software ANSYS is used during analysis process, which is allowed to gain the stress nephogram along spring leaves. Finally, pared the results of the traditional method with the finite element method。 a few advantages of the latter one would be concluded. Key Words: Leaf Spring, Finite Element Method, Contact 北京航空航天大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計 (論文 ) 第 3 頁 目 錄 1 緒論 1 研究背景及意義 ......................................................................................................... 1 研究現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................................................... 2 本文研究內(nèi)容 ............................................................................................................. 3 2 鋼板彈簧的傳統(tǒng)計算方法 3 彈簧剛度計算 ............................................................................................................. 5 彈簧應(yīng)力計算 ............................................................................................................. 7 3 有限元分析方法簡介 9 有限元概述 ................................................................................................................. 9 結(jié)構(gòu) 非線性介紹 ......................................................................................................... 9 鋼板彈簧分析計算中存在的非線性問題 ............................................................... 10 幾何非線性 .................................................................................................... 10 接觸非線性 .................................................................................................... 11 ANSYS 介紹 ............................................................................................................ 14 應(yīng)用 ANSYS 分析接觸問題 .................................................................................... 14 不同接觸單元的特點 .................................................................................... 15 處理接觸問題的算法 .................................................................................... 16 4 等截面葉片鋼板彈簧的有限元分析 17 前處理 ....................................................................................................................... 17 建立模型 ........................................................................................................ 17 劃分網(wǎng)格 ........................................................................................................ 19 建立接觸對 .................................................................................................... 20 加載求解 ................................................................................................................... 24 加約束條件 .................................................................................................... 24 求解 ................................................................................................................ 24 后處理 ....................................................................................................................... 26 北京航空航天大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計 (論文 ) 第 4 頁 逐步加載計算結(jié)果 ........................................................................................ 26 部分載荷下的平均應(yīng)力云圖 ........................................................................ 28 結(jié)果分析 ..............