【正文】 第 Ⅰ 頁 汽車雨刮器的自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn) 設(shè)計(jì)總說明 本次設(shè)計(jì)的汽車自動(dòng)雨刷省去了人為手動(dòng)操作雨刷的問題，能夠自動(dòng)感應(yīng)雨量并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的工作。自動(dòng)雨刷用雨滴傳感器作為檢測器來感應(yīng)雨量的大小，把感應(yīng)信號傳給單片機(jī)，通過軟件的控制驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)電機(jī)的正反轉(zhuǎn)與轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)頻率。此次設(shè)計(jì)采用 40 引腳的單片機(jī) AT89S52，設(shè)計(jì)中運(yùn)用 ULN2021AN 驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片來驅(qū)動(dòng)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，克服了電機(jī)在低頻工作時(shí)的噪音大，震動(dòng)大的缺點(diǎn)。本次設(shè)計(jì)在一定的程度上為駕駛者提供了舒適性和安全性的保障，避免了由于駕駛者手動(dòng)操作雨刷的不當(dāng)而帶來的交通安 全問題，同時(shí)也大大的提高了汽車雨刷的全面性與可靠性。 在汽車智能雨刮系統(tǒng)中由于兩個(gè)雨刮電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速不可能完全一樣，就存在兩個(gè)雨刮擺動(dòng)不同步的問題。本文在分析了模糊控制理論及雨刮同步擺動(dòng)規(guī)則的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了一種基于模糊控制的汽車智能雨刮系統(tǒng)。 該系統(tǒng)將轉(zhuǎn)速偏差和轉(zhuǎn)速偏差變化量模糊化為模糊控制器的輸入語言變量，根據(jù)所制定的一套模糊控制規(guī)則來選擇控制 PWM的輸出語言變量，并以此通過脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)來驅(qū)動(dòng)直流電機(jī)， 使兩個(gè)雨刮同步擺動(dòng)。 關(guān)鍵詞： 雨滴傳感器；步進(jìn)電機(jī)； 單片機(jī) ；雨刮器 第 Ⅲ 頁 Car Wiper Blade Design and Implementation of Automatic Control System Design Description The design of the automatic wipers is improved further in the traditional manual based on. Automatic wiper with rain sensor as the detector size induced precipitation, the induction signal is sent to the single chip microputer. reversing and turning frequency automatic adjusting motor through the control of the software driver. The design is based on the 40pin of the mic AT89S52. That use of ULN2021AN to drive the stepper motor driver chip design operation. The pulse width modulation’s chopper driver mode. Thus greatly overe the noise when the motor work in the low frequency , vibration faults. Provide fort and safely guarantee this design in a certain extent for the driver, to avoid the traffic safety problem caused by the driver manually operated wiper improper. At the same time also greatly improve the prehensiveness and reliability of automobile windshield wiper. In intelligent windscreen wiper system of automobile, As the problem of technics, rotate speed of two electro motors are not the same pletely, so there are the problems that two wiper blades swing ansynchronous. In the thesis, a intelligent windscreen wiper system of automobile based on fuzzy control is presented, by analyzing fuzzy control theory and synchronous swing rules of windscreen wiper. The speed error and its change were used as fuzzy stable variable. According to a set of fuzzy rules, the output variable was selected to control the PWM switch. In this way, the PWM technique was used to drive the DC motor and control windscreen wiper to swing synchronously. keywords： rain sensor。Stepper motor。MCU。 windscreen wiper 第 Ⅲ 頁 目錄 ............................................................ 1 概述 ...................................................... 1 研究背景 .................................................. 1 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ............................................. 2 研究意義 ................................................... 3 .................................................... 4 自動(dòng)雨刷控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)思路 ................................... 4 設(shè)計(jì)原理 ................................................... 4 系統(tǒng)組成 ................................................... 5 單片機(jī)的比較與選擇 ................................... 5 STC12c5a60s2 功能特性概述 ............................ 6 雨滴傳感器的分類 ........................................... 8 壓電振子原理的雨滴傳感器 ............................. 8 雨滴傳感器種類 ....................................... 9 光量變化的雨滴傳感器 ................................. 9 紅外雨滴傳感器的原理 ................................ 10 顯示元件選擇 ............................................. 10 液晶顯示簡介 ........................................ 10 第 Ⅲ 頁 . LCD1602 的基本參數(shù)及引腳功能 ......................... 12 刮水電機(jī) .................................................. 13 刮水電機(jī)型號的編制方法 .............................. 13 減速器的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) .................................... 14 刮水電機(jī)的控制電路分析 .............................. 15 ............................... 18 STC89C52 的時(shí)鐘電路和復(fù)位電路 ............................. 18 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換電路 .............................................. 19 ADC0832 芯片介紹 .................................... 19 ADC0832 芯片電路 .................................... 21 液晶 顯示電路 ............................................. 21 1602 液晶簡介 ....................................... 21 液晶引腳說明 ........................................ 22 液晶顯示模塊電路 .................................... 22 雨滴傳感器電路設(shè)計(jì) ....................................... 23 電機(jī)控制的硬件設(shè)計(jì) ........................................ 24 發(fā)射模塊 .................................................. 25 發(fā)射管 .............................................. 25 由 555 定時(shí)器構(gòu)成的多諧振蕩器 ........................ 26 接收模塊 .................................................. 27 第 Ⅲ 頁 紅外接收管 .......................................... 27 帶通濾波器 .......................................... 28 ....................................................... 29 程序語言及開發(fā)環(huán)境 ........................................ 29 智能雨刮器的主程序流程圖設(shè)計(jì) ............................. 29 雨滴傳感器的流程圖設(shè)計(jì) .................................... 30 智能雨刮器電機(jī)控制的流程圖設(shè)計(jì) ............................ 31 ....................................................... 33 元器件的選擇與測量 ....................................... 33 元件的焊接與組裝 ......................................... 33 程序燒錄 .................................................. 34 KEIL 運(yùn)行 ................................................. 35 運(yùn)行結(jié)果 ................................................. 35 6. 總結(jié) .......................................................... 37 致謝 ............................................................. 38 參考文獻(xiàn) ......................................................... 39 附錄 ............................................................. 41 附錄Ⅰ 電路原理圖 ...