【正文】 15 噸自卸車液壓舉升機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計 The optimization design of 15 tons dump truck hydraulic pressure act rises anization 專 業(yè)： 學(xué) 生： 指 導(dǎo) 教 師： 2 年月 10日 摘要 I 摘要 隨著我國交通運輸事業(yè)的飛躍發(fā)展，液壓系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在各個領(lǐng)域得到愈來愈廣泛的應(yīng)用。為了實現(xiàn)卸貨的機(jī)械化，從而減輕勞 動強(qiáng)度、提高效率，便于卸貨，許多農(nóng)用運輸汽車都設(shè)有專門的液壓自卸系統(tǒng)，但是傳統(tǒng)的液壓舉升系統(tǒng)仍然存在一些缺陷與不足：（ 1）選用多級伸縮缸，只能夠適用在車廂傾角小于 45 度的場合；（ 2）為單作用單桿活塞缸，需要靠車的自重來回程；（ 3）當(dāng)車廂的傾角達(dá)到 600 到 700時，則不能實現(xiàn)自由回程。 本文主要對自卸汽車液壓舉升機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)與完善，自卸車采用的油泵、油缸、液壓閥等液壓系統(tǒng)元件均為高度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、系統(tǒng)化與通用化，是由專業(yè)化液壓 件廠集中生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)，因此自卸車優(yōu)化設(shè)計只需進(jìn)行液壓元件選型計算，在傳統(tǒng)的液壓系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上，增加一個雙向鎖緊回路，并用雙作用單桿活塞代替單作用單桿活塞，避免只靠自重實現(xiàn)回程的問題，可實現(xiàn)車廂較大傾角傾斜，方便自卸貨物，并且精確度高。通過一系列的設(shè)計計算與校核，證明改進(jìn)后的方案確實可行，在工程上具有更大的應(yīng)用價值。 關(guān)鍵詞 自卸車 液壓系統(tǒng) 油缸 油泵 大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） II Abstract With the quick development of our country traffic transportion, hydraulic pressure system application already has got broader and broader in each fields. In order to make the mechanization discharging cargo e true, thereby hydraulic pressure system can reduce labour intensity, inprove the speed, easy to discharge pressure selfdischarging system was set up in lots of agriculture transportation automobile. But there are still a few defects and deficiency exist in the traditional hydraulic pressure litre system. Frist: it adopts multilevel telescopic cylinders, which only is applied in the partment angle less than 45 degrees occasions。 Second: Single cylinder piston rod needs to depend on the weight of vehicles to return。 Third: When the vehicle reached the angle from 60 to 70, it is free to return can not be achieved. This artice mainly studies to improve and perfect the dump truck hydraulic pressure. The oil pump, oil jar, hydraulic valve and so on which adopted in the dumper are altitude normalizing, systematization without exception and are applied or used universallyrization. They are document supplied by the factory of professionalization hydraulic pressure. So the designing of the dumper only require to elect the ponent and carry out of the hydraulic pressure. On the basis of the traditional hydraulic pressure,the new design is increased a twoway locking, and used double effect one pole to take the place of the one effect one pole .Those can avoid the problem which may realize the return trip only by the selfrespect, realize the convenient to discharg of the goods by itself with big dip angles and the precision heigh. Through a lot of calculating and proofreading, the design of the improvement is proved to indeed feasible and has bigger application value on the project. Keywords Dumper Hydraulic pressure system Oil jar Oil pump Abstract III 目錄 摘要 .................................................................................................................... I Abstract ............................................................................................................ II 1 緒論 ................................................................................................................ 1 課題來源 ..............................................................1 液壓舉升系統(tǒng)的使用要求 ..............................................1 國內(nèi)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r .......................................................2 國內(nèi)發(fā)展概況 .......................................................2 國外發(fā)展概況 ........................................................2 改進(jìn)的實際意義 ........................................................2 2 液壓系統(tǒng)方案確定 ............................................................................................ 3 舉升機(jī)構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)改進(jìn)方案及特性分析 ....................................3 整車性能參數(shù)的選擇 ....................................................4 參數(shù)的確定 ..........................................................4 質(zhì)量參數(shù)的確定 .....................................................5 最大舉升角的確定 ...................................................5 舉升時間的確定 ......................................................5 3 舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計 ................................................................................................ 6 舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的類型及選擇 ..................................................6 直推式 ..............................................................6 油缸與桿系組合式 ....................................................6 T 式舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的運動與受力分析及參數(shù)選擇 [5] ..............................6 作圖法 ..............................................................6 計算舉升最大阻力矩 ..................................................8 舉升合力 ............................................................8 油缸最大舉升推力 ....................................................8 拉桿最大拉力 ........................................................9 液壓缸的設(shè)計計算 ......................................................9 缸筒材料選擇 ................................................