服務(wù)政策改革和轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟的增長外文翻譯(已修改)
2025-06-01 00:36 本頁面
【正文】 1 中文 3257 字 本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯 外文題目： Services Policy Reform and Economic Growth in Transition Economies 出 處： The Kiel Institute 作 者： Felix Eschenbach and Bernard Hoekman 原 文： Services Policy Reform and Economic Growth Transition Economies Felix Eschenbach and Bernard Hoekman Abstract Major changes have occurred in the structure of former centrally planned economies, including a sharp rise in the share of services in GDP, employment, and international transactions. However, large differences exist across transition economies with respect to services intensity and services policy reforms. We ?nd that reforms in policies toward ?nancial and infrastructure services, including telemunications, power, and transport, are highly correlated with inward for regressors monly used in the growth literature, we ?nd that measures of services policy reform are statistically signi?cant explanatory variables for the post1990 economic performance of transition economies. These ?ndings suggest services policies should be considered more generally in empirical analyses of economic growth. 1. Introduction One of the stylized facts of economic development is that the share of services in GDP and employment rises as per capita ines increase (Francois and Reinert 1996). This re?ects increasing specialization and exchange of services through the market 2 (―outsourcing‖)—with an associated increase in variety and quality that may raise productivity of ?rms and welfare of ?nal consumers, in turn increasing demand for services. It also re?ects the limited scope for (labor) productivity in provision of some services, implying that over time the (real) costs of these services will rise relative to merchandize, as will their share of employment (Baumol 1967。 Fuchs 1968).Services are increasingly being tradable as a result of the greater mobility of people and technological change. This further increases the scope for specialization in production and trade. The petitiveness of ?rms both domestic enterprises operating on the local market and exporters on international markets—depends importantly on the availability, cost, and quality of producer services such as ?nance, transport, and telemunicates ations. Services industries were generally neglected under central planni thinking emphasized the importance of tangible (material) inputs as determinants of economic development, and classi?ed employment in the services sector as unproductive. The lack of producer services was re?ected in transport bottlenecks, queuing for and low quality of telemunications, the absence of ef?cient ?nancial intermediation,
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