大學(xué)生就業(yè)壓力的研究外文翻譯-其他專業(yè)(已修改)
2025-02-04 10:28 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 1 外文翻譯 原文 1 Training Policy and Employment Generation For many years, in the postwar UK economy, training policy and employment policy were considered to be loosely related aspects of government economic policy as a whole, but each had its own separately identifiable characteristics and objectives. Hence, in the 1960s and 1970s, employment policy consisted mainly of Keynesian demandside measures, chiefly via government deficit financing buttressed by special support measures such as employment subsidies and regional assistance. Even the emergence of youth and longterm unemployment in the 1970s did not deflect government from its belief that the underlying causal factor was a lack of effective demand in the economy. In the meantime, training policy had developed in a piecemeal, ad hoc way with a lack of conviction by governments in this period as to the merits of training in helping to tackle the UK39。s microand macro economic objectives. Only in the 1980s has government recognised the possible linkages between having a highly trained skilled workforce and achieving a high level of employment. Hence the New Classical revolution in macroeconomics, with its focus on supplyside rather than demandside economic policy, has led to a fundamental change of attitude in policy circles towards training and employment. These are now seen as not only being significantly linked。 but that a sound expanding training policy is a necessary precondition for achieving higher employment, especially among youths and the longterm unemployed. Hence the diagnosis of the UK39。s unemployment problem has changed from a macro economic base to a microeconomic base, where the rigidities in the labour market are seen as the main cause and where training schemes are seen to be needed alongside policies to promote small firms and entrepreneurship, and with reform of the taxbenefit system and trade union legislation acting as a disincentive for unemployed people to stay unemployed. Industrial training policy in the UK dates back to the 1960s with the 1962 White Paper, Industrial Training: Government Proposals, which signalled a new era of government intervention in training, with Industrial Training Boards (ITBs) established after the 1964 Industrial Training Act. The 1973 Employment and Training Act significantly linked employment with training. It set up the 2 Manpower Services Commission and led to a greater professionalism in the assessment of training needs and the management and execution of training. By this time, however, labour market conditions were changing from a situation of excess demand to one of excess supply of labour and the second half of the 1970s saw special training measures introduced as a prelude to a much more intense approach in the 1980s. Hence, special training measures (19751979), Unified Vocational Preparation (from 1976), Training for Skills: A Programme for Action (1979/80) and the Youth Opportunities Programme (19781983) all preceded major changes in the early 1980s. The 1981 Employment and Training Act led to the closure of many ITBs, while the 1981 WhitePaper,AN
環(huán)評(píng)公示相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1