【正文】 中考英語專題定語從句知識歸納+隨堂練習【相關概念】1. 功能：在句中作定語，相當于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞。 2. 位置：放在被修飾名詞之后。3. 先行詞：定語從句所修飾的名詞為先行詞。（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some, any, every,no與body, thing ,one的合成詞；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。（2）先行詞與關系詞是對等關系。必須注意兩點：①先行詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數(shù)由先行詞決定。He is the person who was praised by captain yesterday. ②關系詞在從句句子中充當了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復其意。They are the persons who the captain praised yesterday. 4. 關系詞：引導定語從句的詞都叫關系詞。關系代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。關系副詞：when, where, why。【關系詞的確定】1. 在定語從句中，當先行詞指物時，下列情況的關系詞宜用that而不用which。（1）先行詞被形容詞最高級，序數(shù)詞，數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被only，any，few，little，no，all，one of等修飾時。（2）先行詞為all，much，little，none，few，one，something，anything等不定代詞時。（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時。He often recalls the persons and things that he experienced in university. （4）先行詞在主句中作表語或關系詞在從句中作表語時。The school is no longer the one that was 3 years ago. （5）當主句中含有疑問詞which時。Which are the problems that you told me last week?2. 關系詞宜用which而不用that的情況。（1）在非限制性定語從句中（2）在關系詞前有介詞時（3）當先行詞本身是that時（4）當關系詞離先行詞較遠時3. 關系詞who與that指人時，也有不同情況分別用不同的關系詞。（1）當主句是there be句型時，關系詞用who。（2）先行詞是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等詞時，關系詞用who。（3）當主句是who作疑問詞時，關系詞用that。Who is the man that is talking with John?（4）whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。whose作關系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。Do you know Mr. Black whose son is a doctor?There is a room whose windows are broken. 4. 關系代詞as引導定語從句的用法。（1）先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many / much中，從句都用as 引導。注意區(qū)別：①such … that … 引導結果狀語從句。They are such lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引導定語從句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now. （2）無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導。區(qū)別：①意義上：as 含有“這點正如……一樣”。②位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在其他位置。5. 關系副詞when，where，why，that。 when 指時間 = in / at / on / during which where 指地點 = in / at / from which why 指原因 = for which當先行詞為way，day，reason，time時，可用that作關系副詞。（非正式場合）I dont like the way that / in which he talks. 當time作先行詞時，關系詞可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 【需注意的問題】（1）定語從句中謂語的數(shù)。（2）注意區(qū)別定語從句與強調句。①定語從句中關系詞作從句成分，復合句。②強調it無意義，that / who不是引導詞。③it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強調句，講不通則不是。It is the factory that we visited last year. (強調句)It was in the shop that I met Jack. （強調句）（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。①定語從句引導詞被稱為關系詞，that充當主語、賓語、表語。有時可省略。②同位語從句引導詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當任何成分，不可省。We all know the fact that our manager has been to Beijing.(同位語)This is the truth that everyone can understand. (定語)（4）關系詞在從句中省略的情況。①關系詞作賓語，前無介詞時。 ②關系詞作表語。（5）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。（6）關系詞前有介詞或復雜介詞，關系詞只能是which和whom。 【隨堂練習】By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma appeared a rare rainbow soon . A. of which　　B. on which C. from which　　D. above which D此題關鍵是介詞的確定，彩虹當然出現(xiàn)在山峰之上，故用介詞above。The man pulled out a gold watch, ___were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which D表的手鏈是由小的鉆石做成的。表所屬關系。請參閱：The man pulled out a gold watch, whose hands / the hands of which / of which the hands　were made of small diamonds. They will fly to Washington，___ they plan to stay for two or three days. A. where 　　B. there C. which 　　D. when A先行詞Washington為地點，在定語從句中作狀語The Science Museum, ____ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. A. which 　　B. what C. that 　　D. where A定語從句的謂語動詞visited缺賓語，所以應該用關系代詞，又此處為非限制性定語從句。It was along the Mississippi River ____ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where C本題并非考查定語從句，而是強調句型。Occasions are quite rare ____I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. who