【正文】 中考初中英語定語從句精編講義和練習(xí)初中英語定語從句講義及練習(xí)一．定語從句相關(guān)概念？my fathera beautiful flowera shoe shopa developing countrya developed countrythe way to study EnglishNow many people in the city admire the life of people in the country.This is the woman who helped me yesterday.◆定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，漢語中常用”…的”表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，此外，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，分詞，不定式以及介詞短語也可以來擔(dān)任，也可以由一個句子來擔(dān)任。單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。eg：Theman isapoliceman. (簡單句)Themanlivesnexttous. (簡單句)→Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman. (主從復(fù)合句)（1）、定語從句：由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，修飾主句中的一個名詞性成分，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞的功能，就叫做定語從句。（2）、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。先行詞分為人或者物。（3）、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞?！?關(guān)系代詞有： ◇ 關(guān)系副詞有：①．指代人： who, whom, that, as ①．指時間：when,②．指代事物：which, that，as ②．指地點：where, ③．指代所屬關(guān)系：whose, of which ③．指原因：why.二. 各個關(guān)系代詞的具體用法◆關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別I have a sister. She works in Shanghai. (普通代詞只起代替的作用)I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.關(guān)系代詞：1. 代替先行詞（指人或者物）2. 在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分（主語/賓語/表語/定語）3. 連接主從句（連接詞）The building is our school.The building stands by the river.The building which//that stands by the river is our school. (分析此句)which//that是什么？在此處有什么功能？◆如何判斷關(guān)系代詞？1. who 指人，在定語從句中作主語,賓語。例如：The personwho broke the windowmust pay for it.The man( who) you met just now is my old friend.2. whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？3. whose 指人或物，在定語從句中作定語。例如：I know the boy whose father is a professor.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注意：指物時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow? =___________________________________________________4. which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：Where is the man that I saw this morning? Football is a game that is liked by most boys. 三．關(guān)系副詞的具體用法1. when 指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如： I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.2. where 指地點，在定語從句中作狀語。例如： This is the house where we lived last year.3. why 指原因，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.練習(xí) 1. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.2. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.3. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week4. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. This is the primary school. I studied there three years ago.7. Do you still remember the place? We visited it last week.8. I will never forget the days. I spent the days with your family.9. I39。ll never forget the day. We met each other on that day last week.四、定語從句中只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況（1）．當(dāng)先行詞是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等不定代詞時，或當(dāng)先行詞受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代詞修飾時。如：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid? 李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone. 所有能做的都做好了。ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou. 我不能為你干什么。（2）．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在倫敦他們參觀的第一個地方是大本鐘。（3）．當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這是我看過的最好的電影。（4）．當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly修飾時。如：ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.這正是我要買的詞典。Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.家里發(fā)生了火災(zāi)過后，那輛舊車成了他的唯一擁有。（5）．當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時。如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?站在門口的那個人是誰？WhichistheTshirtthatfitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最合我的身？（6）．當(dāng)先行詞為人與動物或人與物時。如：Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.　瞧瞧那個沿街走來的人和他的毛驢。　注意: 只能用which/who，不用that 的情況：(1) 在非限制性定語從中。例如： The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2) 定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物/人時。例如： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.五、介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom)用法提醒: 介詞﹢關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇.方法一:根據(jù)從句中動詞的習(xí)慣搭配方法二:根據(jù)先行詞的搭配注意1：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。此時關(guān)系代詞只能用which （物）或 whom（人）。 不可用that 或who 代替⑴、Do you know the boy ________whom your mother is talking?⑵、I still remember the day _______ which I first got to Paris.⑶、He gave me some novels _______ which I am not very familiar.⑷、He gave me some novels I am not very familiar with.Eg:⑴、Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.= Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisvery