【正文】 此資料由網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集而來，如有侵權(quán)請告知上傳者立即刪除。資料共分享，我們負(fù)責(zé)傳遞知識。世界銀行行長金辰勇在華盛頓大學(xué)英語演講稿　　President Knapp, Dean Brown, distinguished faculty, students, and guests,
　　史蒂文納普校長、布朗院長、尊敬的各位老師、同學(xué)們、各位來賓：
　　Thank you for hosting me here today. It is a privilege to be with you to talk about the challenges before us in the world – and how the World Bank Group is working to bee as effective as possible in improving the lives of the poor and vulnerable.
　　感謝各位今天的接待。我很榮幸來到這里，談一談我們在世界上面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，以及世界銀行集團(tuán)如何竭盡全力有效地改善貧困和弱勢人群的生活。
　　When we look across the world today and think about the most pressing issues, the ongoing fiscal uncertainty in the United States greatly concerns us. Our hope is that policymakers resolve these issues soon. This uncertainty, bined with other sources of volatility in the global economy, could do great damage to emerging markets and developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America that have lifted millions of people out of poverty in recent years.
　　今天，當(dāng)我們縱觀世界、思考最重要的議題時，圍繞美國財政形勢的不確定性讓我們非常關(guān)注。我們希望政策制訂者們能夠盡快解決這個問題。非洲、亞洲、拉丁美洲的新興市場和發(fā)展中國家近年有千百萬人擺脫了貧困，但美國財政形勢的不確定性以及導(dǎo)致全球經(jīng)濟(jì)波動的其他一些因素可能給它們帶來損害。
　　We also can’t help but focus on the upheaval that is taking place in the Middle East. Syria is now in its 30th month of war and the toll has been horrific. More than 100,000 people have been killed, 4 million people have been displaced and another 2 million Syrians have fled and bee refugees in neighboring countries, adding great burdens to Jordan and Lebanon in particular. The fighting continues within Syria, and the impact of broken lives and broken economies only grows by the day.
　　我們也無法不關(guān)注中東正在發(fā)生的動亂。敘利亞目前已進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)爭的第30個月，造成的傷亡損失令人驚懼。在戰(zhàn)亂中10多萬人被殺，400萬人流離失所，還有200萬敘利亞人逃離家園，成為鄰國的難民，尤其是給約旦和黎巴嫩帶來了沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。敘利亞境內(nèi)戰(zhàn)亂還在繼續(xù)，對生活和經(jīng)濟(jì)造成的破壞日甚一日。
　　We should not avert our gaze from the Middle East. The World Bank Group has been playing several roles. At times, we are in the backrooms with diplomats and at others we are on the frontlines with humanitarian aid workers. Always, we are working with governments, or panies, or civil society groups to help build strong and sustainable foundations for development. This supports the livelihoods of millions of people in the Middle East, and billions more around the world, who aspire to good jobs, a good education, and access to quality health care.
　　我們不應(yīng)對中東局勢視而不見。世界銀行集團(tuán)中東發(fā)揮著多種作用。有時候，我們同外交官和其他人商談于密室，有時候我們同人道主義援助人員戰(zhàn)斗在前線。我們總是在和政府、或者和企業(yè)、或者和民間團(tuán)體協(xié)力合作，為發(fā)展事業(yè)建造牢固和可持續(xù)的基礎(chǔ)。這些工作支持著中東千百萬人民乃至全世界數(shù)十億人的生計——他們都希望有良好的工作、良好的教育和優(yōu)質(zhì)的醫(yī)療保健。
　　A critical part of our work is in countries emerging from conflict, affected by conflict, or stuck in a persistent state of fragility. As we know all too well, when a country remains in a long state of fragility, conflict often erupts. The World Bank Group and the wider global munity need to confront the plex institutional and social challenges in these fragile states, because the cost of inaction is high and the reward of welldesigned interventions is great. When we have the opportunity to build institutions, infrastructure, and human capacity in fragile states, or when we can put together a deal that brings in desperately needed private sector investment, we must seize it. When we fail to help countries develop in a way that is inclusive or fail to help countries build strong governance, we are all affected by the result, which is often a country engulfed in flames, as is Syria today.
　　我們工作中非常重要的一部分是在剛結(jié)束沖突、受沖突影響或者長期陷于脆弱狀況的國家。眾所周知，當(dāng)一個國家長期處于脆弱狀況時，沖突往往一觸即發(fā)。世界銀行集團(tuán)乃至國際社會需要在這些脆弱國家直面復(fù)雜的制度和社會挑戰(zhàn)，原因是無所事事的代價高昂，而設(shè)計周密的干預(yù)措施則收效巨大。當(dāng)我們有機(jī)會在脆弱國家進(jìn)行制度、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和能力建設(shè)時，或者當(dāng)我們能夠達(dá)成一項協(xié)議引進(jìn)急需的私營部門投資時，我們必須抓住機(jī)遇。當(dāng)我們未能幫助國家實現(xiàn)包容性發(fā)展時，或者未能幫助國家建立強(qiáng)有力的治理結(jié)構(gòu)時，其后果會影響所有人——往往是一個國家陷入戰(zhàn)火，就像今天的敘利亞。
　　Drivers of conflict
　　沖突的驅(qū)動因素
　　In the Middle East, most of the countries experienced relatively strong growth of 4 to 5 percent a year in the decade before the Arab Spring. Yet serious problems were lurking below the surface. An increasingly educated young middle class was frustrated that the few available jobs were reserved for those with more connections than talent. The private sector operated by earning privileges from the state, leading to a form of crony capitalism that only helped a few, and undermined exports and jobs.
　　在中東，大多數(shù)國家在阿拉伯之春之前的2020年都經(jīng)歷過4%或5%的相對強(qiáng)勁增長。然而，外表下隱藏著嚴(yán)重的問題。年輕的中間階層受教育程度越來越高，令他們沮喪的是稀少的就業(yè)機(jī)會都留給了那些有關(guān)系而不是有才能的人。私營部門的運作要依靠政府提供的特權(quán)，形成一種只有利于少數(shù)人的裙帶資本主義，對出口和就業(yè)造成破壞。
　　The inequities – and the anger – filtered even to the very young. When a million people poured into Tahrir Square in Cairo in 2020 to protest their government, the children of the protesters held protests of their own in classrooms. They demanded better instruction. This is what happens when prosperity is reserved for a select few. All of those left out feel deeply, the burn of inequity.
　　不平等和憤怒甚至滲透到少年兒童中。2020年當(dāng)100萬人涌入開羅的解放廣場抗議政府的時候，抗議者的孩子們也在他們自己的教室舉行抗議活動。他們要求改進(jìn)教學(xué)。當(dāng)繁榮有選擇地保留給少數(shù)人，這就是結(jié)果。所有那些被遺漏的人都深感到不公平的傷害。
　　The ongoing crises have left many Middle Eastern countries with a triple challenge. First is restoring macroeconomic stability。 second is reforming their economies to meet the high expectations of the people who marched in the streets。 and third is managing the transition to new constitutions and more open, contested, multiparty elections. These challenges would be daunting for any single country. But they have all e together in one region. That makes it all the more important for the international munity to marshal its resources to support those brave women and men who risked their lives to demand the basic human dignity that is their due.
　　目前的危機(jī)令眾多中東國家面臨三重挑戰(zhàn)。第一是恢復(fù)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定。第二是改革經(jīng)濟(jì)以滿足上街抗議的人民的期望。第三是管理好向新憲法和更公開的、有爭議的、多黨制的選舉過渡。這些挑戰(zhàn)對于任何一個國家都是巨大的，但三重挑戰(zhàn)同時降臨一個地區(qū)，就使得國際