【正文】 at there are several trillion dollars managed by sovereign wealth funds and institutional investors。就在兩周前，我會晤了中國阿里巴巴公司的創(chuàng)始人馬云，這家企業(yè)在去年中國境內(nèi)郵寄的88億個快件中占60%。這種對市場的參與可以釋放億萬民眾的創(chuàng)業(yè)潛力。例如，我們對氣候變化作出反應(yīng)的力度必須與問題的嚴(yán)重程度相匹配。
　　First, we will partner with the private sector to use their expertise and capital to fight poverty. This is particularly important to create good jobs for the poor.
　　首先，我們將與私營部門聯(lián)手，利用他們的專業(yè)知識和資金來抗擊貧困。我們必須幫助各國提升競爭力，而達(dá)此目的的一個有效途徑是投資于公民的教育、衛(wèi)生和就業(yè)培訓(xùn)。我的意思是，我們將投資于那些可能有助于改變一個國家或者一個地區(qū)的發(fā)展的項(xiàng)目——即使我們有可能失敗。
　　So what are our principles?
　　那么我們的原則是什么?
　　We will ensure that all our activities have a relentless focus on our two goals.
　　我們將確保我們的一切活動都堅(jiān)持不懈地專注于我們的兩大目標(biāo)。
　　What will we stop doing? We won’t continue working in areas in which others are better. We won’t enter projects for the sole purpose of meeting volume targets for the year. We won’t take on projects just to plant our flag on the ground. And we won’t tolerate behavior that promotes individual interests over the mon good.
　　我們將要停止做哪些事呢?我們將不會繼續(xù)從事那些別人更擅長的領(lǐng)域。筒倉在愛荷華的玉米田里發(fā)揮著重要作用，但在世界銀行集團(tuán)沒有它們的位置。他們往往創(chuàng)造自我封閉的勢力范圍。也包括提供政治風(fēng)險擔(dān)保的多邊投資擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)。我們將如何將計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)化為終結(jié)貧困的有效行動呢?
　　A World Bank Group strategy
　　世界銀行集團(tuán)的戰(zhàn)略
　　Our answer is that for the first time, we have a strategy that will bring together the entire World Bank Group – the Bank, which works with governments。
　　At the World Bank Group, our two goals require us to deliver results for people. As Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. once said, our goals must be “transformed from thin paper to thick action.” What will we do—all of us—to translate our plans into effective action to end poverty?
　　在世界銀行集團(tuán)，這兩大目標(biāo)要求我們?yōu)槿藗內(nèi)〉们袑?shí)成效。全球增長速度可能會低于歷史趨勢。如果社會更有活力，有更高的生產(chǎn)力，為社會流動性提供更大空間，那么這兩種道路就都能為公民帶來更多更好的機(jī)會。經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步還需要在環(huán)境上和財(cái)政上具有可持續(xù)性，延續(xù)到子孫后代。
　　The lesson is that we should pay much more attention to whether growth reaches all the population, and not just the elite. One way to do so is by looking beyond the overall GDP growth。
　　Today, leaders around the world realize that boosting shared prosperity for the bottom 40 percent is being more and more critical to ensure stability. It used to be that much of this discontent boiled under the surface. But social media has created an enormous “virtual middle class,” as Thomas Friedman has called it, who will continue to knock on, and then break down, the door of opportunity.
　　今天，世界各國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都意識到，促進(jìn)底層40%的人口共享繁榮對于確保穩(wěn)定變得日益重要。這是我們道德良心上的一個恥辱。
　　Our two goals
　　我們的兩大目標(biāo)
　　Just six months ago, our board endorsed the two goals of the World Bank Group: the first is to end extreme poverty by 2030。
　　Lebanon now hosts more than 760,000 Syrian refugees, which could be likened to 56 million refugees entering the United States, 45 million of which would have entered since this January alone. Think of the disruption. Last week, I attended the UN General Assembly meeting of the International Support Group for Lebanon. Donors pledged some funds for the country, but we need to do much more or we risk catastrophe in Lebanon.
　　黎巴嫩目前接待了超過76萬敘利亞難民，按人口比例來說，這相當(dāng)于美國涌入5600萬難民，而且僅僅從今年1月以后來到的就有 4500萬人。第三是管理好向新憲法和更公開的、有爭議的、多黨制的選舉過渡。 second is reforming their economies to meet the high expectations of the people who marched in the streets。他們要求改進(jìn)教學(xué)。年輕的中間階層受教育程度越來越高，令他們沮喪的是稀少的就業(yè)機(jī)會都留給了那些有關(guān)系而不是有才能的人。當(dāng)我們有機(jī)會在脆弱國家進(jìn)行制度、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和能力建設(shè)時，或者當(dāng)我們能夠達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議引進(jìn)急需的私營部門投資時，我們必須抓住機(jī)遇。這些工作支持著中東千百萬人民乃至全世界數(shù)十億人的生計(jì)——他們都希望有良好的工作、良好的教育和優(yōu)質(zhì)的醫(yī)療保健。
　　We should not avert our gaze from the Middle East. The World Bank Group has been playing several roles. At times, we are in the backrooms with diplomats and at others we are on the frontlines with humanitarian aid workers. Always, we are working with governments, or panies, or civil society groups to help build strong and sustainable foundations for development. This supports the livelihoods of millions of people in the Middle East, and billions more around the world, who aspire to good jobs, a good education, and access to quality health care.
　　我們不應(yīng)對中東局勢視而不見。
　　We also can’t help but focus on the upheaval that is taking place in the Middle East. Syria is now in its 30th month of war and the toll has been horrific. More than 100,000 people have been killed, 4 million people have been displaced and another 2 million Syrians have fled and bee refugees in neighboring countries, adding great burdens to Jordan and Lebanon in particular. The fighting continues within Syria, and the impact of broken lives and broken economies only grows by the day.
　　我們也無法不關(guān)注中東正在發(fā)生的動亂。我很榮幸來到這里，談一談我們在世界上面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，以及世界銀行集團(tuán)如何竭盡全力有效地改善貧困和弱勢人群的生活。此資料由網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集而來，如有侵權(quán)請告知上傳者立即刪除。納普校長、布朗院長、尊敬的各位老師、同學(xué)們、各位來賓：
　　Thank you for hosting me here today. It is a privilege to be with you to talk about the challenges before us in the world – and how the World Bank Group is working to bee as effective as possible in improving the lives of the poor and vulnerable.
　　感謝各位今天的接待。非洲、亞洲、拉丁美洲的新興市場和發(fā)展中國家近年有千百萬人擺脫了貧困，但美國財(cái)政形勢的不確定性以及導(dǎo)致全球經(jīng)濟(jì)波動的其他一些因素可能給它們帶來損害。敘利亞境內(nèi)戰(zhàn)亂還在繼續(xù)，對生活和經(jīng)濟(jì)造成的破壞日甚一日。我們總是在和政府、或者和企業(yè)、或者和民間團(tuán)體協(xié)力合作，為發(fā)展事業(yè)建造牢固和可持續(xù)的基礎(chǔ)。世界銀行集團(tuán)乃至國際社會需要在這些脆弱國家直面復(fù)雜的制度和社會挑戰(zhàn)，原因是無所事事的代價高昂，而設(shè)計(jì)周密的干預(yù)措施則收效巨大。然而，外表下隱藏著嚴(yán)重的問題。2020年當(dāng)100萬人涌入開羅的解放廣場抗議政府的時候，抗議者的孩子們也在他們自己的教室舉行抗議活動。
　　The ongoing crises have left many Middle Eastern countries with a triple challenge. First is restoring macroeconomic stability。第二是改革經(jīng)濟(jì)以滿足上街抗議的人民的期望。我們也剛剛完成了對黎巴嫩的全面的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會影響評估，發(fā)現(xiàn)敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致黎巴嫩損失了數(shù)十億美元。各援助方承諾為黎巴嫩提供一些資金，但我們還需要做得更多，否則黎巴嫩可能會發(fā)生巨大的災(zāi)難。
　　How does this relate to the situation on the ground in the Middle East and in other poor countries? The goal of ending extreme poverty stands on its own as the moral underpinning of all that we do. The fact that more than a billion people live on less than a dollar, 25 a day in 2020 is a stain on ou