【正文】
系 統(tǒng)的調(diào)查??疾炝搜芯繉?duì)象心理健康的綜合情況,人格以及他們的家庭環(huán)境及父母的養(yǎng)育方式。同時(shí)調(diào)查了普通中學(xué)、重點(diǎn)中學(xué),各一所,以作比較。 結(jié)果和結(jié)論 : ,在綜合因子上總檢出率為 %,但都是輕度或中度水平,無偏重和嚴(yán)重心理問題學(xué)生。 。但在因子水平上分析顯示:工讀學(xué)生的強(qiáng)迫癥因子得分顯著低于普通中學(xué),而適應(yīng)不良因 子得分高于重點(diǎn)中學(xué)。 ,主要表現(xiàn)在人格維度的 P 分量上顯著高于兩所學(xué)校學(xué)生;但在人格維度 L分量上,顯著低于普通中學(xué)與重點(diǎn)中學(xué)學(xué)生。 ,知識(shí)性因子得分顯著低于普通中學(xué)和重點(diǎn)中學(xué)學(xué)生。 ,工讀生更多地感受到父親過分干涉、母親嚴(yán)厲懲罰和父、母拒絕否認(rèn)。 、家庭環(huán)境、父母養(yǎng)育方式之間存在著相關(guān)。人格維度 N 分量幾乎和心理健康的總體水平及各維度有顯著性相關(guān);家庭環(huán)境中,親密 度、情感表達(dá)、矛盾性、娛樂性與心理健康綜合因子存在顯著相關(guān);父母養(yǎng)育方式中,父親拒絕否認(rèn)、母拒絕否認(rèn)與心理健康綜合因子相關(guān)顯著。 7. 工讀學(xué)生家庭環(huán)境和人格與心理健康水平密切相關(guān),人格維度中神經(jīng)質(zhì)分量( N)可以解釋人格中的 38%的變異量。家庭環(huán)境矛盾性因子可以解釋家庭環(huán)境中 %的變異量。 建議 : 第一,工讀學(xué)校必須重視學(xué)生的心理健康教育,加強(qiáng)心理健康教育課程的比例; 第二, 工讀學(xué)校要對(duì)學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行“家庭教育”方法的指導(dǎo),使家長(zhǎng)積極配合教育; 第三,工讀學(xué)校要加強(qiáng)對(duì)學(xué)生的良好人格的培養(yǎng); 第 四,全 社會(huì)要支持、關(guān)注工讀教育; 第五,加強(qiáng)對(duì)工讀學(xué)生教育的研究。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 工讀生 心理健康 人格 家庭環(huán)境 養(yǎng)育方式 Abstract In order to take some efficient steps to educate and correct Reform School students abnormal personality and quasidelinquent action, prevent the crimes of juvenile. It is important to study the psychological wellbeing level of Reform School students and the relationship among their psychological wellbeing level and personality, family environments, parental behaviors . Based on such an obvious aim, we intend to explore the question listed below: 1. The prehend psychological wellbeing levels of YunNan province Reform School students。 2. The personality of YunNan province Reform School students。 3. The influence of family environment on Reform School students。 4. The influence of parental raising patterns。 5. The relationship between the psychological health and the other three factors. Based on the objective above, this study employed the questionnaire method and used the Middle School Students Mental Health Scale , Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Family Environment Scale and Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforsran surveyed the Reform School students psychological wellbeing level .In the study, we examined the prehend psychological wellbeing of subjects, their personality , their family environments and their parental behaviors . At the same time, we surveyed the other two junior Middle schools participates, average and key respectively. The result shows that: 1. The situation of psychological wellbeing level of Reform School students is not so optimistic。 the percentage of the students who have mental health problem is %. Fortunately, there are no students who have serious mental health problem among the objectives。 2. There are no significant differences between Reform School students and other two school students on the level of prehend psychological wellbeing. The data on the factors show that the Reform School students feel less pulsiveneurosis than average school students, but feel more maladaption than key school students。 3. There are significant differences between Reform School students and other two school students on personality , The data shows that the Reform School students P factor of personality is significant higher than the other two school students , but the N factor is lower。 4. In the intellectualcultural orientation factor in family environment scale, Reform School students get significant lower score than other two school students。 5. Reform School students feel more parental penalty, strictness and denial than other two school students。 6. There was significant correlation between psychological wellbeing level and some factors of personality , family environments and parental style ,such as personality N factor ,intimate , Expressiveness , parental deny and so on 。 7. The family environments and personality have a significant relationship with psychological wellbeing of Reform School students, the N factor of personality and Conflict factor of family environments can predict the psychological wellbeing level in a large scale, which is amount to 38% and % respectively. Based on the result, we suggest: The first, the Reform School should pay more attention to students mental health education and enhance the curricular of mental health 。 The second , Reform School should conduct the familyeducation courses for all parents , it is useful for all parents to have a reasonable and mon opinion on children education and undertake the responsibility of education 。 The third , Reform School should pay more attention on the education of students personality development 。 The fourth , society should give large support to the Reform School 。 The fifth, reform school should do something to improve their levels of psychological wellbeing. Key words: Reformschoolstudents。 Psychological wellbeing。 Personality。 Family environments。 Parental behaviors 引 言 工讀教育是我國(guó)基礎(chǔ)教育中的一種特殊教育形式,是九年義務(wù)教育的重要補(bǔ)充。它的教育對(duì)象主要是那些品德行為偏常,普通學(xué)校難以教育、家長(zhǎng)難以管教,有違法和輕微犯罪行為的中小學(xué)生 。工讀學(xué)校是對(duì)有不良行為或品德偏常、有輕微違法行為的中小學(xué)生進(jìn)行挽救、教育的學(xué)校。在工讀學(xué)校就讀的學(xué)生中大部分都是行為上有偏差和人格上有缺陷的學(xué)生。因此作為工讀學(xué)校,在對(duì)學(xué)生除了進(jìn)行文化教育和職業(yè)技術(shù)教育之外,對(duì)他們進(jìn)行品德教育、心理健康教育、行為矯治、人格重塑就顯得尤為重要。 雖然工讀教育在我國(guó)已經(jīng)有五十多年的發(fā)展歷史,屬于我國(guó)基礎(chǔ)教育中的一種特殊教育形式、是九年義務(wù)教育的重要補(bǔ)充,但由于工讀教育本身在全國(guó)的發(fā)展水平參差不齊,地區(qū)的普及程度差異較大,同時(shí),由于工讀學(xué)校本身的辦學(xué)規(guī)模較小,容易被人們 所忽視,所以,有關(guān)工讀學(xué)生的研究較為少見。然而,作為九年義務(wù)教育的重要補(bǔ)充形式,工讀教育在我國(guó)基礎(chǔ)教育中的作用和對(duì)社會(huì)治安 綜合治理、構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)及對(duì)未成年人思想道德建設(shè)中起到了其它教育形式所不能替代的作用。教育要面向全體學(xué)生,作為特殊教育對(duì)象,工讀學(xué)校學(xué)生的教育同樣應(yīng)該受到理論界和教育界的重視。對(duì)工讀學(xué)校學(xué)生除要對(duì)他們進(jìn)行文化教育、職業(yè)教育,作為一個(gè)特殊群體,對(duì)他們進(jìn)行品德教育、心理健康教育、人格教育同樣是工讀教育的重要工作。 為了能夠?qū)ぷx學(xué)校學(xué)生的教育更具有針對(duì)性,更具有科學(xué)性,豐富工讀教育中的 研究成果,本文力圖從人格、家庭環(huán)境、父母養(yǎng)育方式三個(gè)方面探討影響工讀生在心理健康水平的相關(guān)因素,分析其品行偏常產(chǎn)生的原因,為工讀學(xué)校今后開展這方面工作提供參考。 第一部分 研究綜述 一、對(duì)工讀學(xué)校教育研究的概況 (一)中國(guó)工讀學(xué)校創(chuàng)建的背景 [1] 我國(guó)工讀教育是在 20 世紀(jì) 50 年代借鑒前蘇聯(lián)教育家安東 ?謝苗諾微奇 ?馬卡連科( 1888—1939)創(chuàng)辦的 “高爾基工學(xué)團(tuán) ”的辦法創(chuàng)辦了首批工讀學(xué)校,最早的是北京的溫泉工讀學(xué)校。 前蘇聯(lián)創(chuàng)辦高爾基工學(xué)團(tuán)的背景是:蘇聯(lián)在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)和緊接下來的自然災(zāi) 害中,出現(xiàn)了一大批被家人遺棄或因戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)成為無家可歸的孤兒的流浪兒童。到 20 年代初,新的蘇維埃政府看到這些 8—18 歲之間的流浪孩子已經(jīng)發(fā)展到幾百萬,他們中大多數(shù)人沒有接受任何教育,他們?nèi)狈ζ鸫a的道德觀念,毫無責(zé)任心,他們最擅長(zhǎng)的便是滋事斗毆,做違法的事。其中,許多流浪青少年因生活所迫,靠乞討、偷竊、搶劫、賣淫為生,最后 淪 為青少年犯。大批的流浪青少年由