【正文】 5．心理輔導(dǎo)的核心問題是（）A．成長(zhǎng)問題 B．人生觀問題 C．價(jià)值觀問題 D．態(tài)度問題6．開始階段是心理輔導(dǎo)的第一步。這一階段需要完成的任務(wù)中不包括（）A．建立輔導(dǎo)關(guān)系 B．掌握學(xué)生的材料 C．進(jìn)行分析診斷 D．制定輔導(dǎo)目標(biāo)7．自我開放屬于心理輔導(dǎo)的操作技術(shù)中的（）A．傾聽的技術(shù) B．影響的技術(shù)C．觀察的技術(shù) D．評(píng)估的技術(shù)8．根據(jù)弗洛伊德的觀點(diǎn)，人格中奉行現(xiàn)實(shí)原則的是（）A．本我 B．超我 C．自我 D．原我9．在夢(mèng)中將潛意識(shí)的欲望或者意念用其他甚至相反的形式表現(xiàn)出來，這是（）A．象征化 B．移置 C．投射 D．變形10．最先提出“行為治療”概念的是（）A．斯金納 B．班杜拉 C．拉斯 D．華生11．不適用于水準(zhǔn)較高、渴望高度成長(zhǎng)的來訪者的心理輔導(dǎo)方法是（）A．精神分析法 B．行為轉(zhuǎn)變法 C．個(gè)人中心法 D．認(rèn)知重建法12．有的學(xué)生把苦悶和痛苦統(tǒng)統(tǒng)寫在紙上，寫完后不管是不是拿給老師看，總感到內(nèi)心輕松多了。這是（）A．自我催眠 B．合理宣泄法 C．自主訓(xùn)練法 D．呼吸調(diào)節(jié)法13．對(duì)于不良個(gè)性引起的對(duì)抗行為，一般采用的調(diào)整方法中不包括（）A．糾正不良認(rèn)知 B．自尊要恰到好處 C．行為重塑 D．改變其所處環(huán)境14．“感到精神疲乏，心里煩躁，無法集中注意力，學(xué)習(xí)效率降低，進(jìn)度減慢甚至停滯”，具有上述癥狀和表現(xiàn)的學(xué)習(xí)衛(wèi)生問題被稱為（）A．注意力分散 B．意志薄弱 C．學(xué)習(xí)疲勞 D．學(xué)習(xí)方法不當(dāng)15．下列選項(xiàng)中不屬于良好的交往原則的是（）A．真誠(chéng) B．親密C．寬容 D．互助互利l6．有的人“在思維方式上，對(duì)問題的看法總是從自我的角度去考慮問題”，這屬于（）A．自私 B．羞怯 C．自我中心 D．退縮17．滿灌療法可以用來治療（）A．恐怖癥 B．抑郁癥 C．多動(dòng)癥 D．疑病癥18．神經(jīng)衰弱產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)是（）A．精神刺激 B．過度疲勞 C．營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良 D．心理素質(zhì)19．可以用來改善注意力分散的方法中不包括（）A．早睡早起 B．自我減壓 C．放松訓(xùn)練法 D．暴露法20．個(gè)體獲得社會(huì)自我，習(xí)得社會(huì)角色的最重要時(shí)期是（）A．幼兒階段 B．小學(xué)階段C．初中階段D．高中階段二、多項(xiàng)選擇題(本大題共5小題，每小題2分，共10分)在每小題列出的五個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中至少有兩個(gè)是符合題目要求的，請(qǐng)將其代碼填寫在題后的括號(hào)內(nèi)。錯(cuò)選、多選、少選或未選均無分。21．心理健康的人，具有健全的積極意志品質(zhì)，表現(xiàn)為意志的（）A．自覺性 B．果斷性 C．堅(jiān)持性 D．協(xié)調(diào)性 E．自制力22．下列選項(xiàng)中，屬于個(gè)體采用的主要防御機(jī)制的是（）A．合理化 B．升華 C．否認(rèn) D．幽默 E．投射23．學(xué)校心理輔導(dǎo)的途徑包括（）A．開設(shè)心理輔導(dǎo)課B．在學(xué)科教學(xué)中滲透心理輔導(dǎo) C．團(tuán)體輔導(dǎo) D．個(gè)別心理輔導(dǎo) E．小組輔導(dǎo)24．在心理輔導(dǎo)的過程中，輔導(dǎo)人員要學(xué)會(huì)觀察和表現(xiàn)的非言語行為包括（）A．重讀 B．目光注視 C．面部表情 D．身體語言 E．空間距離25．羅杰斯認(rèn)為，心理健康即“機(jī)能完善”的人的特征有（）A．樂于接受一切經(jīng)驗(yàn) B．時(shí)刻保持生活充實(shí) C．不完全信任自己的機(jī)體感受 D．有較強(qiáng)的行動(dòng)自由 E．有高度的創(chuàng)造性三、填空題(本大題共8小題，每空1分，共10分)請(qǐng)?jiān)诿啃☆}的空格中填上正確答案。錯(cuò)填、不填均無分。26．心身疾病的致病因素及發(fā)病機(jī)理研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，心理因素，其中主要是生活條件及______，個(gè)性心理特征等因素為重要的致病因素。27．就心理衛(wèi)生來說，自我意識(shí)良好的核心是自知和______。28．現(xiàn)代健康概念包括著生理健康、心理健康和______。29．厭惡法中，常用的厭惡刺激包括______和______。30．初中生的交往表現(xiàn)在同伴、老師和______三方面。31．建立適宜的輔導(dǎo)氣氛的三種最重要的態(tài)度是______，無條件的積極尊重和______。32．“三十六計(jì)，走為上策”，這屬于控制憤怒的______法。33．從情感的發(fā)展看，青春期最大的變化是從依戀父母的感情轉(zhuǎn)向去依靠______的感情。四、名詞解釋(本大題共3小題，每小題3分，共9分)34．非言語關(guān)注 35．生物反饋法 36．呼吸調(diào)節(jié)法五、簡(jiǎn)答題（本大題共4小題，每小題6分，共24分）37．請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要描述生活事件和心理應(yīng)激對(duì)中小學(xué)生心理健康的影響。38．請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要描述思想政治教育和學(xué)校心理輔導(dǎo)二者差異的主要表現(xiàn)。39．請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要描述學(xué)校輔導(dǎo)人員在輔導(dǎo)過程中引起沉默的原因。40．請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要描述適應(yīng)性認(rèn)知衛(wèi)生問題中“走極端”的癥狀表現(xiàn)及輔導(dǎo)要點(diǎn)。六、論述題（本大題共2小題，共27分）41．（本題12分）請(qǐng)說明心理評(píng)估中談話法的操作程序和技巧。42．(本題l5分)小王和小李都是小學(xué)的心理輔導(dǎo)教師。他們倆在對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行行為強(qiáng)化時(shí)所采用的方法大不相同。小王認(rèn)為應(yīng)該對(duì)學(xué)生采用獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的方法，而小李主張采用懲罰的方法。請(qǐng)說明什么是行為強(qiáng)化法的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰，以及采用獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰應(yīng)該注意之處，并結(jié)合我國(guó)小學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況，談?wù)勀阕约簩?duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰兩種方法的觀點(diǎn)。第三篇：自考《心理衛(wèi)生與心理輔導(dǎo)》試題及答案最佳答案 P14 Why does the author tell s not to be afraid to ask stupid questions？ The author thinks that many apparently naive inquiries like why grass is green，or why the sn is round，or why we need 55，000 unclear weapons in the world ——are really deep says when you try to get the answers，you will gain deep understanding of the also important to know，as well as you can，what it is that you dont know，and asking questions is the also tell us to ask stupid questions requires courage on the part of the asker and knowledge and patience on the part of the dont confine your learning to ideas in depth with much brave to ask questions even when theres a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and bee deadened to the world around Icons P30 What are the factors to shift the heroworship to the celebrityworship？ The new forms of media——photography，moving pictures，radio and television are the main reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress，appearance，and personal habits were widely mented ，the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what looked shift was accelerated by the arrival of moving 1901 and 1914，74 percent of the magazine articles about famous people were about political leaders，inventors，inventors，professionals，and 1922，however，most articles were about movie the arrival of television，the faces of the stars became as familiar as those we saw across the breakfast came to know more about the lives of the celebrities than we did about most of the people we know than seventy years after the appearance of the first movimg pictures，the shift from heroworship to celebrityworship was GOGO AMERICAN P46 What is the Americans attitude towards time？Give necessary the United States，many people keenly feel the shortness of each are aware that once a day in their life is gone，it will never e Americans believe no one stands you are not moving ahead，you are falling they value time and want every minte to attitde towards time is shown in the fast pace of life in the they do they always seem to be in a find people hurrying to get where they are hurry to eating places for a mea and finish it as quickly as Americans do what they can to save produce a lot of laboursaving devices such as clothesand dishwashers； they rapidly municate through phone calls，telex and and cut down on personal Take Over，Bosn！P62 Can you imagine what did Barret think of when he heard Snyders whisper Take over，bosn？ Becase of thirst，Barret was almost out of rose several times and was a constant when he heard Snyder said“Take over，bosn，he had a strange feeling came to realize he would and must take over the task and be responsible for the long as he stopped others from the little water，they would always have hopes and wouldnt die he picked Snyders gun up and decided to hold off the other from the water until night when a ship saved Are You Giving Your Kids Too Much？ P78 Why parents overindulge their children？ There are several reasons to explain why parents overindulge their fairly mon reason is that parents overindulge their chidren out of a sense of who both hold down fulltime jops may feel guilty about the amount of time they spend away from their children and may attempt to pensate by showering them with material parents overindulge because they want their children to have everything they had while growing up，along with those things the parents yearned for but didnt others are afraid to say no to their childrens denless requests for toys for fear that their children will feel unloved or will be ridiculed if thy dont have the same playthings their friends Culture Shock P94 What are four stages that people go through when they experience situations that are very different from t