【正文】 心，有一個深度和質量，而不是在歸納方法樣品大小，如基礎理論（艾森哈特， 1989年）的重點?？茽栙e和施特勞斯（ 1990年，第 8,9）表示，扎根理論的目的不是要推廣到更 廣泛的人口調查結果本身，取樣“收益不特定群體的個人，單位提取樣品條款時間等，但在概念，性質，規(guī)模，變化條件”。 本研究設計了一個調查過程的深度和豐富的訪談資料集中概念化背后的動機在中國的高級旅游現象。一共有 27個人進行了訪談在 2021年年底在北京首都，上海的潮流的城市。這兩個城市被選定之后，打開采樣宗旨，這是施特勞斯和Corbin（ 1990年，第 181頁）描述為“抽樣的人物，地點，情況，將提供最大的機會收集有關這一現象的最相關的數據正在調查中”。 在北京和上海是中國最大的都市，城鎮(zhèn)居民收入與他們的高于全國其 他地區(qū)的人均收入根據最近的調查（國家的中國， 2021年統(tǒng)計局）。這兩個城市的特點是，居民預期壽命長，因此較大的老年人比例比其他大多數城市中心。超過 15年的北京的 12萬居民被認為是高級％，而老年人口增長速度預計將繼續(xù)以每年百分之五（十一， 2021年）。首都城市也有退休人員的養(yǎng)老金誰住在穩(wěn)定和誰擁有大學文化程度的比例最高。旅游已成為這些老人（海， 2021年）有利的生活方式的追求。上海，作為生活方式的潮流，是一種被稱為第一次在中國老齡化的城市。 2021年的人口普查顯示， 260萬老年人（ 60歲及以上），由 （國旅， 2021年）％。在 2021年設在上海的出境旅游經營商超過 600個， 100多個為老年旅客提供專門設計的旅游套餐，與 2021年比，不超過 30個這樣的提供。（人，2021）。 采訪均用中文進行。十六個調查活動分別在北京和 11日在上海。在采訪會議的大多數都發(fā)生在 40至 50分鐘，很少有持續(xù)超過一個小時。所有的訪談記錄和數字化的面部表情和手勢的受訪者指出，被采訪者。一些潛在的受訪者進行了接觸，在公共場所，如社區(qū)公共區(qū)域和公共公園，與來自社區(qū)委員會獲得許可。十大在北京和上海的 11個老人在公眾地方進行了 接觸，與 4和 8，在每個位置，如果誰拒絕參加。其他老年受訪者將被朋友提問。 同時包含中英文的提問的預先設計的訪談記錄表被使用。這些問題都是半結構化和開放式，鼓勵受訪者自由表達思想和感情。面試官應用探索和復述，以方便回收及允許延遲反應。舉辦了三個問題的看法和休閑旅游等因素影響其旅游動機的實現類，它們的實際交通行為 /出行特征。一些基本的人口統(tǒng)計資料也聚集。 數字錄音的采訪被轉錄成文本數據分析。一個索引方法用于組織數據。數據分析涉及分解成有意義的文字及相關零部件或類別，這使得研究人員能夠分析這些數據重新排列和系統(tǒng)化 的質量。在訪談結構與工程調查目的的指導下，數據被分成主題和次主題。其次分析扎根理論方法（斯特勞斯賓， 1998年）的指導方針。該方法允許一個理論上的概念或模型是通過對數據的嚴格審查，而不是通過測試劃定從文學發(fā)展先入為主的假設。這種做法是適當的，反映的調查參與者的經驗文本數據。該準則要求的一個程序，一個研究者首先計算相關的數據和復發(fā)的主題看。這些主題進行分類和分配標簽，經常使用的數據直接從文本。分類成為一個結果。正是從這些類別和主張，介紹和發(fā)展的主題。 面試的數據分析工作由兩位獨立的研究者進行且結果進行比較已提 供可靠的跨分析師。由此產生的類別和分主題將由三分之一研究員進行進一步的審查。重新分類幾種趨勢在最后架構之前的多次運行已被接受。在一些老年人看來，直接引用提供證據蹤跡來支持分類模式。 A model of senior tourism motivations—Anecdotes from Beijing and Shanghai Cathy . Hsu， Liping A. Cai， Kevin . Wong School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Purdue Tourism and Hospitality Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China Abstract The study initiates an original inquiry into the motivations of senior tourism in China, a developing country which witnesses the fastest rate of aging in the world and is at the same time emerging as a global tourism superpower. A theoretical model is developed through an intense scrutiny of textual data collected through indepth interviews. Using basic psychological theories on aging and motivation and adopting the grounded theory approach, the study proposes a tourism motivations model for Chinese seniors. The model consists of two main ponents: (1) external conditions include societal progress, personal finance, time, and health, of which personal finance and time are mediated through family support and responsibility。 (2) internal desires include improving wellbeing, escaping routines, socializing, seeking knowledge, pride and patriotism, personal reward, and nostalgia. The first four factors are influenced by the life continuity concept, whereas seeking knowledge and pride and patriotism are affected by the respect concept. Further, the study puts forward eight propositions, each of which is discussed in reference to extant tourism motivation literature. Keywords: Senior。 Motivation。 China Introduction Most writers on traditional Chinese society emphasize the prestige associated with old age and societal respect toward the elderly. The host of Chinese proverbs as quoted above attest to their premise. In fact, the Chinese language has institutionalized the recognition of age. The term ―elderly‖ echoes more respect in social interactions in China than in many western countries. The 60th birthday, termed the ―Big Birthday‖, signifies elevation to the prestigious status of the elder. In a society where the elders presumably mand respect, it should be no small surprise to western scholars of social science that a tour operator in presentday China can legitimately implement a discriminating price policy in favor of the young. Customers above the age of 55 are required to pay a significant amount of premium in order to participate in a package tour, and the proportion of the senior travelers in some groups can not exceed 20% (Liu, 2021, p. 38). Western scholars in the fields of tourism science and management are sure to be even more puzzled that other than price discrimination, some tour products and services offered by tour operators discourage participation of seniors in leisure travel (., Zhong, 2021). Are the proverbs of any relevance in presentday China? To the extent that a proverb is the cultural wisdom of an ancient civilization such as China, it must be appreciated with the understanding of its context and underlying theme. A mon theme that seems to thread the above set of proverbs is the knowledge that the old people presumably possess. The context is a society where literacy was the luxury of a few. In such a society, most people acquire knowledge either from direct experience or through others with direct experience. The longer one has lived, the greater one‘s wealth of experience. Thus the elderly were considered the repositories of wisdom. Today‘s adult literacy rate is 91% in China (Economist, 2021a, p. 4), and even higher in its urban centers. The notion of the elderly as the source of knowledge is barely acknowledged any more. To the contrary, the elderly are increasingly regarded as conservative and lagging behind the time as the country continues to go through drastic social and economic transformations in its strive to build the Chinesestyle market economy. China is aging faster than any other country (Economist, 2021b, p. 5). Both the sheer size of the Chinese seniors and their growth rate are staggering. Chinese aged 60 and over already made up % of the world‘s largest national population by 2021 (Miao amp。 Wu, 2021, p. 42). It is expected that by the middle of the 21st century, there will be 400 mill