【正文】 加工時(shí)按順序調(diào)刀。適合加工批量較大、工件品種數(shù)量較少的中、小型自動(dòng)換刀裝置。可知數(shù)控銑床用 4把刀就可完成大多數(shù)的銑削加工。所以這個(gè)容量為6 把刀的刀庫(kù)，幾乎不存在加工過(guò)程中需要重復(fù)利用刀具的情況，所以刀具的選擇方式確定為順序選擇刀具。 兩手互相垂直的回轉(zhuǎn)式單臂雙手機(jī)械手的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是換刀動(dòng)作可靠，換好時(shí)間短，缺點(diǎn)是刀柄精度要求高，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù) 雜，聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)整的相關(guān)精度要求高，機(jī)械手離加工區(qū)較近。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這種機(jī)械手用于刀庫(kù)刀座軸線與機(jī)床主軸軸線垂直，刀庫(kù)為徑向存取刀具形式的自動(dòng)換刀裝置，因此，在 XK713 立式數(shù)控床身銑床的自動(dòng)換刀裝置中可采用這種機(jī)械手形式。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 數(shù)控銑床；自動(dòng)換刀裝置；刀庫(kù)；換刀機(jī)械手 海軍工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） II ABSTRACT This thesis introduction is the design that the XK713 number controls the sign type working panel bed miller to change the knife device(the knife database type) knife database type automatically change the knife device is have by the knife database and the knife to exchange device(change the knife the machine hand) to is many work ordinal numbers to control the top of the tool machine to apply to change the knife device most extensively, it is whole to lead to change the knife process more process process in need to be use of all knifes have to install on the haft of the standard, pressing certain way to pack into the knife database after the tool machine carry on size to prepare to adjust in the knife database carry on choosing knife first while change the knife, is taken out knife to have from the knife database and the principal axis by the machine hand, then exchange position, insert the new knife into the principal axis, the old knife puts back a knife knife database that deposits knife to have has bigger capacity, its capacity has for six knifes, adopting the dish form structure, the left side that installs in the tool machine signs pillar up. The knife has to press to schedule to the work preface insert the knife of the knife database order of sequence, usage turn to take knife position in knife for using puts back the original knife inside, can also press to process sequence to put into the next method doesn39。t need the knife to identify device, driving a control also more simple, work the knife database in each knife have in the different work preface and can39。t repeat an usage, for satisfying to process to need to only increase the capacity of the quantity and the knife database that the knife have, this utilization that lowers knife to have with the knife to be very careful while packing knife in addition, if the knife doesn39。t in order have to pack in the knife database, will produce serious 39。s choosing knife is before process, will process the knife that spare parts need to have to request to be one by one in order in the knife set of insert the knife database 海軍工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） III according to the craft, the sequence can39。t have adjust knife in to process a batch quantity to pare greatly,the work piece the species quantity less of medium,small scaled the auto change the knife know the number controls miller to use 4 make the knife plete most milling and can pare to this capacity is 6 knife databases of knifes, almost the nonentity process to need to make use of the circumstance that the knife have again in the process, so the knife have of the choice method assurance for in proper order choice the knife have. Two hands are mutual perpendicular of the advantage of the turnover type single arm hands machine hand change the knife action credibility, changing good time short, the weakness is the haft accuracy to have high request, structure plications, the linking machine adjust of the related accuracy have high request, the machine hand leaves to process area speaking, this kind of machine hand useds for the knife database knife the stalk line and the tool machine principal axis stalk line perpendicular, the knife database has a form to change the knife device automatically toward the access knife for the path, therefore can adopt this kind of machine hand form in the XK713 number control the sign bed type miller the auto change the knife the device. KEYWORDS: numerical control milling machines ； Automatic tool changer ； Tool storage ； tool changingmanipulator 海軍工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 1 XK713 數(shù)控立式升降臺(tái)銑床自動(dòng)換刀裝置 第一章 緒論 數(shù)控機(jī)床知識(shí) 數(shù)字控制機(jī)床是用數(shù)字代碼形式的信息 (程序指令 )，控制刀具按給定的工作程序、運(yùn)動(dòng)速度和軌跡進(jìn)行自動(dòng)加工的機(jī)床，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)數(shù)控機(jī)床。 數(shù)控機(jī)床具有廣泛的適應(yīng)性，加工對(duì)象改變時(shí)只需要改變輸入的程序指令；加工性能比一般自動(dòng)機(jī)床高，可以精確加工復(fù)雜型面，因而適合于加工中小批量、改型頻繁、精度要求高、形狀又較復(fù)雜的工件，并 能獲得良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效果。 隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展，采用數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的機(jī)床品種日益增多，有車(chē)床、銑床、鏜床、鉆床、磨床、齒輪加工機(jī)床和電火花加工機(jī)床等。此外還有能自動(dòng)換刀、一次裝卡進(jìn)行多工序加工的加工中心、車(chē)削中心等。 數(shù)控機(jī)床主要由數(shù)控裝置、伺服機(jī)構(gòu)和機(jī)床主體組成。輸入數(shù)控裝置的程序指令記錄在信息載體上，由程序讀入裝置接收，或由數(shù)控裝置的鍵盤(pán)直接手動(dòng)輸入。 隨著微電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和軟件技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，數(shù)控機(jī)床的控制系統(tǒng)日益趨向于小型化和多功能化，具備完善的自診斷功能；可靠性也大大提高；數(shù)控系統(tǒng)本身將普遍實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)編 程。 未來(lái)數(shù)控機(jī)床的類(lèi)型將更加多樣化，多工序集中加工的數(shù)控機(jī)床品種越來(lái)越多；激光加工等技術(shù)將應(yīng)用在切削加工機(jī)床上，從而擴(kuò)大多工序集中的工藝范圍；數(shù)控機(jī)床的自動(dòng)化程度更加提高，并具有多種監(jiān)控功能，從而形成一個(gè)柔性制造單元，更加便于納入高度自動(dòng)化的柔性制造系統(tǒng)中。 海軍工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 2 數(shù)控銑床的分類(lèi) 立式數(shù)控銑床 立式數(shù)控銑床是數(shù)控銑床中數(shù)量最多的一種，應(yīng)用范圍也最為廣泛。小型數(shù)控銑床一般都采用工作臺(tái)移動(dòng)、升降、及主軸不動(dòng)方式，與普通立式升降臺(tái)銑床相似；中型立式數(shù)控銑床一般采用縱向和橫向工作臺(tái)移動(dòng)方式，且主軸沿垂直溜板上下運(yùn)動(dòng)； 大型數(shù)控立式銑床，因要考慮到擴(kuò)大行程，縮小占地面積及剛性等技術(shù)問(wèn)題，往往采用龍門(mén)架移動(dòng)式，其主軸可以在龍門(mén)架的橫向與垂直溜板上運(yùn)動(dòng)，而龍門(mén)架則沿床身作縱向運(yùn)動(dòng)。 從機(jī)床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)控制的坐標(biāo)數(shù)量來(lái)看，目前 3 坐標(biāo)立式數(shù)控銑床仍占大多數(shù)。一般可進(jìn)行 3 坐標(biāo)聯(lián)動(dòng)加工，但也有部分機(jī)床只能進(jìn)行 3 坐標(biāo)中的任意二個(gè)坐標(biāo)聯(lián)動(dòng)加工。此外，還有機(jī)床主軸可以繞 X、 Y、 Z 坐標(biāo)軸中其中一個(gè)或兩個(gè)軸作數(shù)控?cái)[角運(yùn)動(dòng)的 4 坐標(biāo)和 5 坐標(biāo)立式數(shù)控銑床。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，機(jī)床控制的坐標(biāo)軸越多，特別是要求聯(lián)動(dòng)的坐標(biāo)軸越多，機(jī)床的功能、加工范圍及可選擇的加工對(duì)象也 越多。但隨之而來(lái)的是機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)更復(fù)雜，對(duì)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的要求更高，編程的難度更大，設(shè)備的價(jià)格也更高。 立式數(shù)控銑床可以附加數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)，采用自動(dòng)交換臺(tái)，增加靠模裝置等來(lái)擴(kuò)大立式數(shù)控銑床的功能