【正文】
頂隙 c 0 .2 5 1 .5 0 .3 7 5c c m?? ? ? ? 4)齒條的基本尺寸,按外齒輪幾何尺寸的計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行計(jì)算。即主軸停止回轉(zhuǎn)并準(zhǔn)確停止在一個(gè)固定不變的角度方位上,保證主軸端面的鍵也在一個(gè)固定的方位,使刀柄上的鍵槽能恰好對(duì)正端面鍵。的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。機(jī)械手由機(jī)械手臂與 45176。 1)兩手呈 180176。刀具的交換方式通常分為兩種 : 一種是采用機(jī)械手交換刀具 , 另一種是由刀庫與機(jī)床主軸的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)刀具交換即無機(jī)械手交換刀具。當(dāng)某把刀具(或刀座)的代碼與數(shù)控指令相符合時(shí),該把刀具被選中,刀庫將刀具送到換到位置,等待機(jī)械手來抓取。但刀庫中每一把刀具在不同工序中不能重復(fù)使用,為了滿足加工需要只有增加刀具的數(shù)量和刀庫的容量,這就降低了刀具和刀庫的利用率。但此機(jī)構(gòu)定位精度不夠高,為提高其定位精度可采用帶制動(dòng)器的交流伺服電機(jī),從而可保證較高的定位精度。 m(《袖珍機(jī)械師設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》 P10781079)。因此,對(duì) XK713 立式數(shù)控銑床,從使用海軍工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 14 和經(jīng)濟(jì)效率角度來看,容量為 6 的刀庫就可滿足要求了。由于帶自動(dòng)換刀裝置的數(shù)控機(jī)床主要是在多品種、單件小批生產(chǎn)時(shí)使用,因而應(yīng)根據(jù)廣泛的工藝統(tǒng)計(jì),依大多數(shù)工件加工時(shí)需要的刀具數(shù)來確定刀庫容量。首先把加工過程中需要使用的全部刀具安裝在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的刀柄上,在機(jī)床外進(jìn)行尺寸預(yù)調(diào)后,按一定的方式裝入刀庫。 其主要規(guī)格及技術(shù)參數(shù) 表一 機(jī)床主要規(guī)格及技術(shù)參數(shù) 初定 其 自動(dòng)換刀裝置的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) 在銑削輪廓時(shí),為了保證一次連續(xù)地加工出全部表面,應(yīng)選用半徑小于工件最小輪廓半徑的刀具,而在實(shí)際的生產(chǎn)加工中,常盡量選用直徑較大的銑刀,因?yàn)榇笾睆姐姷秳傂院?,耐用度高? 3)銑頭上的立式主軸,有符合國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 (ISO) 錐孔,可安裝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的銑刀或銑夾頭。 控制系統(tǒng)可采用成都廣泰,武漢華中,廣州廣數(shù),日本 FANUC,德國海軍工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 9 SIEMENS,三菱 MISTUEBISH 等數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。 XK713 數(shù)控立式升降臺(tái)銑床及其主要參數(shù) XK713 數(shù)控床身銑床是一種高效型、經(jīng)濟(jì)型的機(jī)床。 2)刀具重復(fù)定位精度高。帶刀庫的自動(dòng)換刀裝置的數(shù)控機(jī)床主軸箱和轉(zhuǎn)塔主軸頭相比較,由于主軸箱內(nèi)只有一個(gè)主軸,所以主軸部件具有足夠剛度,因而能夠滿足各種精密加工的要求。如: CK7815 型數(shù)控車床采用 BA200L 刀架,其海軍工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 6 工作循環(huán)是:刀架接收數(shù)控裝置的指令一松開一 轉(zhuǎn)到指令要求的位置一夾緊一發(fā)出轉(zhuǎn)位結(jié)束的信號(hào)。由于普通的數(shù)控立式銑床加工的一般是中小零件,其大多需要幾把刀具加工( 10 把刀具以內(nèi),)故增加自動(dòng)換刀裝置并同時(shí)自動(dòng)變換主軸轉(zhuǎn)速。 自動(dòng)換刀裝置( ATC)及其形式 數(shù)控機(jī)床為了進(jìn)一步提高生產(chǎn)率,進(jìn)一步壓縮非切削時(shí)間,現(xiàn)代的機(jī)床逐海軍工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 5 步發(fā)展為在一臺(tái)機(jī)床上在一次裝中完成多工序或全部工序的加工。因此,數(shù)控銑床所配置的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)檔次,一般都比其它數(shù)控機(jī)床相應(yīng)更高一些。有的采用變頻機(jī)組,固定幾種轉(zhuǎn)速,可自選一種編入程序,但不能在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)改變。對(duì)箱體類零件或需要在一次安裝中改變工位的工件來說,選擇帶數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)盤的臥式銑床進(jìn)行加工是非常合適的。一般可進(jìn)行 3 坐標(biāo)聯(lián)動(dòng)加工,但也有部分機(jī)床只能進(jìn)行 3 坐標(biāo)中的任意二個(gè)坐標(biāo)聯(lián)動(dòng)加工。此外還有能自動(dòng)換刀、一次裝卡進(jìn)行多工序加工的加工中心、車削中心等。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 數(shù)控銑床;自動(dòng)換刀裝置;刀庫;換刀機(jī)械手 海軍工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) II ABSTRACT This thesis introduction is the design that the XK713 number controls the sign type working panel bed miller to change the knife device(the knife database type) knife database type automatically change the knife device is have by the knife database and the knife to exchange device(change the knife the machine hand) to is many work ordinal numbers to control the top of the tool machine to apply to change the knife device most extensively, it is whole to lead to change the knife process more process process in need to be use of all knifes have to install on the haft of the standard, pressing certain way to pack into the knife database after the tool machine carry on size to prepare to adjust in the knife database carry on choosing knife first while change the knife, is taken out knife to have from the knife database and the principal axis by the machine hand, then exchange position, insert the new knife into the principal axis, the old knife puts back a knife knife database that deposits knife to have has bigger capacity, its capacity has for six knifes, adopting the dish form structure, the left side that installs in the tool machine signs pillar up. The knife has to press to schedule to the work preface insert the knife of the knife database order of sequence, usage turn to take knife position in knife for using puts back the original knife inside, can also press to process sequence to put into the next method doesn39。此外,裝刀時(shí)必須十分謹(jǐn)慎,如果刀具不按順序裝在刀庫中,將會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果。它是多工序數(shù)控機(jī)床上應(yīng)用最廣泛的換刀裝置,其整過換刀過程比較復(fù)雜。用過的刀具放回原來的刀座內(nèi),也可以按加工順序放入下一個(gè)刀座內(nèi)。所以這個(gè)容量為6 把刀的刀庫,幾乎不存在加工過程中需要重復(fù)利用刀具的情況,所以刀具的選擇方式確定為順序選擇刀具。t have adjust knife in to process a batch quantity to pare greatly,the work piece the species quantity less of medium,small scaled the auto change the knife know the number controls miller to use 4 make the knife plete most milling and can pare to this capacity is 6 knife databases of knifes, almost the nonentity process to need to make use of the circumstance that the knife have again in the process, so the knife have of the choice method assurance for in proper order choice the knife have. Two hands are mutual perpendicular of the advantage of the turnover type single arm hands machine hand change the knife action credibility, changing good time short, the weakness is the haft accuracy to have high request, structure plications, the linking machine adjust of the related accuracy have high request, the machine hand leaves to process area speaking, this kind of machine hand useds for the knife database knife the stalk line and the tool machine principal axis stalk line perpendicular, the knife database has a form to change the knife device automatically toward the access knife for the path, therefore can adopt this kind of machine hand form in the XK713 number control the sign bed type miller the auto change the knife the device. KEYWORDS: numerical control milling machines ; Automatic tool changer ; Tool storage ; tool changingmanipulator 海軍工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 1 XK713 數(shù)控立式升降臺(tái)銑床自動(dòng)換刀裝置 第一章 緒論 數(shù)控機(jī)床知識(shí) 數(shù)字控制機(jī)床是用數(shù)字代碼形式的信息 (程序指令 ),控制刀具按給定的工作程序、運(yùn)動(dòng)速度和軌跡進(jìn)行自動(dòng)加工的機(jī)床,簡稱數(shù)控機(jī)床。 海軍工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 2 數(shù)控銑床的分類 立式數(shù)控銑床 立式數(shù)控銑床是數(shù)控銑床中數(shù)量最多的一種,應(yīng)用范圍也最為廣泛。 臥式數(shù)控銑床 與通用臥式銑床相同,其主軸級(jí)平行于水平面。因此,其加工性能非常優(yōu)越。數(shù)控銑床要控制的坐標(biāo)數(shù)最少是 3 坐標(biāo)中任意兩坐標(biāo)聯(lián)動(dòng)。如刀具長度補(bǔ)償功能、靠模加工功能、自動(dòng)變換工作臺(tái)功能、自適應(yīng)功能、數(shù)控采集功能等。在這類數(shù)控機(jī)床上,自動(dòng)換刀裝置( ATC)是必不可少的。根據(jù)不同加工對(duì)象,可以設(shè)計(jì)成四方和六角刀架或其他等多種形式。因此轉(zhuǎn)塔主軸頭換刀通常只適用于工序較少,精度要求不太高的數(shù)控機(jī)床,如數(shù)控銑床。交換裝置的機(jī)械手形式也多樣,目前在數(shù)控機(jī)床上用得最多的是回轉(zhuǎn)式雙臂機(jī)械手。主要技術(shù)參數(shù)為: 1)刀庫容量: 46 2)選刀方式:順序選刀