【正文】 的最低點，相當(dāng)于十年的財富收益蒸發(fā)殆盡。%，創(chuàng)下了11年來的新高。No one should be surprised at the increased attributed the widening gap to the wave of layoffs in the economic downturn that have devastated household said while the richest Americans may be seeing reductions in executive pay, those at the bottom of the ine ladder are often unemployed and struggling to get ，我們不應(yīng)大驚小怪。經(jīng)濟低迷時期的裁員風(fēng)潮導(dǎo)致家庭的可用開支急劇減少，分析師認(rèn)為這才是導(dǎo)致收入差距擴大的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。他們認(rèn)為，雖然最富裕的美國人也可能發(fā)現(xiàn)收入縮水，但那些工資最低的人才是真正的受害者，因為他們經(jīng)常遭到解雇，艱難度日。【C—E】(第十屆全國人大常委會委員（a Standing Committee member of the Chinese National People39。s Congress(NPC)）朱相遠(yuǎn)于2010年1月4日在人民網(wǎng)發(fā)表的一篇題為《2010年翩然而至擁抱下一個“十年”》的文章)原文：2010年翩然而至，全球24個時區(qū)的萬千鐘聲，此起彼伏，宣告在這人類新千年中，一個10年代的終結(jié)，又是另一個10年代的開始。在開局的10年中，中國經(jīng)濟在前9年連續(xù)9年保持著9%以上的增長。最后一年，雖受國際金融風(fēng)暴影響，但依然能保持8%的高增長。中國猶如中流砥柱，力挽狂瀾，使全球目光，再次聚焦于東方。一年多的實踐，終使曙光再現(xiàn)。全人類定能以集體的智慧，攻堅克難，度過難關(guān)，必將是柳暗花明又一村的新局面。譯文：With the approaching of 2010, the ringing of bells in 24 time zones around the globe echoes one after another, announcing the lapse of the first decade in the new millennium and the start of another 10 the past ten years, China’s economy maintained a successive 9% increase for nine years since the beginning of the 21st century and still a 8% growth in the last year of the past decade, albeit influenced by global financial like a mainstay that makes vigorous endeavors to turn the tide, China, once again, draws global attraction to the silver lining is emerging again after a yearround long as all the mankind conquer adversities, override difficulties with collective wisdom, there is bound to be a way 【E—C】The economic system of the United States is principally one of private this system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economic market’s primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers。hence the “market economy” ，其中，消費者、生產(chǎn)者和政府每天都主要通過價格體系來做出經(jīng)濟決策。正是這三者之間的能動關(guān)系才使經(jīng)濟得以運轉(zhuǎn)。然而，市場的主要動力來自于生產(chǎn)者和消費者之間的關(guān)系，因此 “市場經(jīng)濟”得以成名。As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to , at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable petition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private ，消費者總希望他們說花費的錢能夠獲得最大的價值；另一方面，生產(chǎn)者渴望能從他們所銷售的商品中尋求最高的價格和利潤。聯(lián)邦、各州和地方各級政府的任務(wù)是加強公共安全，確保合理競爭，并提供一系列服務(wù)，因為他們相信這些服務(wù)性事業(yè)最好由國有企業(yè)來處理，而非私人企業(yè)。Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: singleowner operated businesses, partnerships and first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the amassing of large sums of money by bining the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open make largescale enterprises ，企業(yè)分為三種：個體業(yè)主開辦經(jīng)營的企業(yè)、合伙企業(yè)和股份公司。前兩者很重要，但只有最后一種企業(yè)才可以最大程度上把許多合作人員的投資籌集到一起，形成巨額資金。那些人作為股東，可以隨時在公開市場上買賣他們所持有的股票。正是這種股份制公司使得開辦大型企業(yè)成為可能。簡評：經(jīng)歷了三次考試的小品文調(diào)整后，如同我們課堂中所預(yù)測的那樣，今年秋季的考試題目終于回歸了正常的軌道。英譯漢出現(xiàn)了主旋律——經(jīng)濟類報刊型文章。其實這個主題一直是我們在課堂中練習(xí)和強調(diào)最多的，而且它和“小白本”（《中級翻譯教程》）第三單元第一課《混合經(jīng)濟：美國的經(jīng)濟制度》相關(guān)度非常高，相信大家一定會覺得很熟悉。在翻譯過程中，主要難點在于句子順序的調(diào)整/詞語指稱意義的確定/定語從句和后置分詞的翻譯。如： 第二個句子中末尾的on a daily basis, mainly through the price system在翻譯中必須前置在漢語的謂語動詞之前；dynamic interaction根據(jù)上下文及單詞本身的意義，可以猜測出“能動”的意思；再如，Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable petition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private ，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)后方的believed to be…是一個分詞作后置定語，根據(jù)我們在英譯漢第一講最后提到的技巧，這里應(yīng)該用上分割單獨成句法，同理，后方的定語從句也要使用相同的手法處理。【C—E】說起上海老城，總會讓人和古老傳統(tǒng)的東西聯(lián)系起來，比如明代的豫園和清代的城隍廟。上海建城有700多年歷史，但最具人文發(fā)展歷史的時期是開埠后的150年間，諸如華洋雜居、石庫門、老字號等等，都發(fā)生在開埠后的上海。The old town of Shanghai, when it is mentioned, is always associated with the past and the tradition, something such as the Yuyuan Garden in the Ming Dynasty and the Town God’s Temple(or the City God Temple / Chenghuangmiao)in the Qing a history of more than 700 years, it is the 150 years since its opening to foreign trades that enjoyed the most spelendid/ greatest humane development of that period, scenes appeared such as the coinhabitation of Chinese foreigners, the building of Shikumen, and the growth of timehonored ，豐富多彩。著名的“上海老城人物風(fēng)情畫卷”生動地描繪了上海老城市民的生活百態(tài)。上海老城市歷史文明與現(xiàn)代文明的兼容并蓄，無論上海城市發(fā)展如何日新月異，她仍將記錄著上海城市發(fā)展的歷史華章。Various and colorful folk cultures have gained popularity in and out of Shanghai’s old town, which has been proved in the famous “The Painting Scroll of Local Residents in Shanghai’s Old Town”, a vivid depiction of the lives of local residents in every the everchanging advances of Shanghai, its old town, an inclusive bination of ancient and modern civilization, will still serve as a glorious chapter in the history of the development of Shanghai ：今年的漢譯英也擺脫了過去三次考試的小品文，終于回歸了主旋律，介紹了關(guān)于上海地區(qū)的文化特色。其實，這個特點也是我們在翻譯課堂上的開篇就講過的地域特色，并且，我們曾經(jīng)在課堂上給大家總結(jié)過三區(qū)的重要性：傳統(tǒng)文化老區(qū)/經(jīng)濟新區(qū)/旅游景區(qū)，所以，這次考試中出現(xiàn)的“城隍廟/豫園”應(yīng)該算是老朋友了，至于新出現(xiàn)的地名，大家也可以根據(jù)我們課堂上講過的翻譯技巧來應(yīng)對。在語言處理方面，我們希望大家還是要把握基本原則，即“找出言外之意的邏輯”。比如，第二段開頭的兩個句子，要看出是一個舉例的關(guān)系。其次，在翻譯漢譯英的時候一定要善于去發(fā)現(xiàn)句子的真正主語，比如第一段的第二句，真正的主語應(yīng)該是“150年”；第二段的第二句，真正主語為“老城區(qū)”而非字面上的“兼容并蓄”。第三，漢譯英中要大量運用“詞語轉(zhuǎn)性”的技巧，如最后一部分的“日新月異”，漢語原文中是作謂語，可是在英語譯文中應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)變成形容 詞作定語，這一點在我們的課堂講解中也一直是重點強調(diào)的內(nèi)容。另外，還需提出的是，漢譯英中一直喜歡考察大家對于四字詞語的處理方法，我們在課堂中也有專門講解，當(dāng)然，更需要大家持續(xù)不斷的積累，比如本次考試中出現(xiàn)的“豐富多彩”“日新月異”“兼容并蓄”“歷史華章”等，應(yīng)該算是老朋友，做到脫口而出了。2011春中口翻譯漢部分【C—E】豫園是上海著名的古典園林，已有400多年的歷史?；▓@設(shè)計獨特，具有明清兩代南方的建筑藝術(shù)的風(fēng)格。園內(nèi)共有40余景，景色自然迷人，亭臺樓閣、假山池塘和諧對稱、協(xié)調(diào)均衡，其布局之精致自古聞名江南。豫園原為明代一位大官的私家花園，始建于1559年，直到20年后才建成。此后曾幾經(jīng)變遷，屢遭摧殘。所幸的是，從1949年上海解放時，園內(nèi)的主要景點尚完好無損。從1956年開始，豫園經(jīng)過多次修繕，重現(xiàn)其昔日光彩。參考答案：The Yuyuan Garden is a renowned classical garden located in Shanghai that enjoys a history of over 400 delicate design, it boasts the architectural style of the Ming and Qing attractive scenic spots dot the garden, including pavilions, pagodas, ponds and rockeries, with each adding radiance to one Yuyuan Garden tops South China for its delicacy and Garden was originally the private garden of a governor in the Ming initial construction started in 155