物流系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)_2-文庫吧
2025-02-15 16:00 本頁面
【正文】 advantages and disadvantages for deciding whether to use thirdparty distribution or keep it inhouse. 對一些而言需要客觀的評估，對于另外一些而言更多的是主觀評估，因?yàn)樗鼈兩婕暗綒v史實(shí)踐或者僅僅是個(gè)人喜好。 Objective assessment can be made for some and others are more subjective, because they relate to historical practices or merely personal preference. However the key drivers for thirdparty distribution can be broadly split into three categories. These categories are cost, anizational factors and physical factors. 第三方物流和信息技術(shù) Third Party and Information Technology 現(xiàn)在使用 IT技術(shù)是任何企業(yè)的日常生活的一部分。然而，這么多在使用的系統(tǒng)中，他們并不總是兼容。同樣，組織必須確保系統(tǒng)有足夠的資源，以應(yīng)付額外的工作。下一節(jié)將從以下的角度來著眼于 IT的要求，分別是企業(yè)，第三方供應(yīng)商和外包問題。 The use of IT in any business is now part of everyday life. However there are so many systems in use and they are not always patible. Equally the anization must ensure that the systems have enough resources to cope with the extra work involved. The next section looks at the requirements from IT from the following perspectives, the business, the third party provider and contract issues. 第三方物流配送的主要問題 Key Issues in Third Distribution and Logistics 定期進(jìn)行調(diào)查，試圖找出用戶的選擇第三方配送公司關(guān)鍵因素是什么。結(jié)果顯示，服務(wù)是最重要的因素。 Surveys are undertaken on a regular basis to try to identify what the critical factors are in a user’s choice of a third party distribution pany. Service es out as the most important factor. 成本，盡管非常重要的，卻排第三位，而客戶所體驗(yàn)的質(zhì)量成為了第二個(gè)最重要的因素。這反映了許多用戶所持續(xù)的關(guān)注的質(zhì)量，誠信（忠誠）和個(gè)人參與配送運(yùn)作的能力是其成功的最重要的因素。 Cost, although extremely critical, es third, with the quality of people used the second most important. This reflects the continued concern for many users that it is the quality, mitment and ability of the personnel involved in any distribution operation that is paramount to its success 三、內(nèi)部物流和第三方物流 Inhouse versus Third Party 一個(gè)組織決定是否保留配送業(yè)務(wù)，或者外包給第三方服務(wù)提供商有很多原因 ,以下是一些可能要考慮的因素。 There are many reasons why an anization decides whether to keep its distribution operation inhouse, or contract it out to a third party service provider. 選擇第三方的原因 Reasons to Choose a Third Party 減少成本：通過外包業(yè)務(wù)，識別相關(guān)成本。 To reduce costs： by contracting the operation out, it is easier to identify associated costs. 集中資源于企業(yè)的核心能力上。 The need to focus resources on core petencies within the business. 缺乏倉儲設(shè)施。 Lack of warehousing facilities. 在汽車業(yè)務(wù)上缺乏內(nèi)部專業(yè)知識。 Lack of internal expertise in vehicle operations. 無法優(yōu)化用在運(yùn)輸上的波峰和波谷的交易模式。 The inability to optimize transport use during peaks and troughs in trading patterns. 避免法律責(zé)任。 Avoidance of legal responsibilities. 在交付產(chǎn)品時(shí)需要提供更多的靈活性來提高對客戶的服務(wù)水平。 Need to raise levels of service to customers by offering more flexibility in delivering products 選擇內(nèi)部物流業(yè)務(wù)的理由 Reasons to choose an inhouse operation 在業(yè)務(wù)的所有領(lǐng)域保持完全控制。 Retain plete control over all areas of the business. 保持控制成本（不需要將成本之上的利潤支付給第三方）。 To keep control of costs（ Not having to pay the third party a profit margin on top of the costs） . 在配送方面保持與顧客的直接聯(lián)系。 To keep a direct link in distribution with customers. 咨詢公司任專職體育顧問的 Peters, Lieb和 Randall 指出在最近一次調(diào)查中印證了企業(yè)為什么選擇外包配送操作的主要原因。如圖 29 Consulting firms PE Consulting and Peters, Lieb and Randall show in a recent survey the main reasons quoted why firms opt for contracting out of their distribution operation（ Figure 29） PE Consulting % of firms Peters， Lieb and Randall. % of firms Improved service 87 Lower cost 56 Reduced cost 85 Greater flexibility 55 Increased flexibility 79 Improved operational efficiency 53 Avoided investment 61 Ability to focus on core business 51 Noncore activity 59 Improved customer service 49 Obtained specialist 50 Improved expertise/market knowledge and access to management data 29 Improved control 50 Other 8 Figure 29: Main Reasons Quoted Why Firms Opt for Contracting out of their Distribution Operation(Source:PE Consulting 1996。Peters et al,1998) 表 29： 企業(yè)為什么選擇承包其的配送經(jīng)營的主要原因（來源 :PE咨詢1996。Peters等人 ,1998年 ） 決定是否保持內(nèi)部配送或使用第三方提供商，需要平衡以下兩方面的因素：物流對于企業(yè)成功的重要性，企業(yè)在物流功能的管理上
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