英國(guó)文學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)-文庫吧
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【正文】 y to the cities to add to the factory workers. (The Enclosure Movement) Cultural: In the literary field, the socalled revival of learning includes the study of ancient Greek and Roman literature and philosophy. There was the growing interest in man and the infinite capabilities of man against implicit faith in God. 主要文學(xué)成就： drama: Christopher Marlowe(14781535)馬洛、 William Shakespeare(15641616) lyrical poetry抒情詩 :Thomas Wyatt(1503?1542)、 Edmund Spenser(15521599) prose essay: Francis Bacon(15611626)、 Thomas More(14781535)、 Thomas Nashe(15671602) Christopher Marlowe made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. Edmund Spenser： poet’ s poet(詩人中的詩人 ) Francis Bacon: 書上的 Of Truth、 Of Studies 均選自 Essays 論文集 Thomas Wyatt: the first to introduce the son into English literature 引入十四行詩的第一人 韻腳排列規(guī)律： ABABCDCDEFEFGG(P118為 例 ) William Shakespeare 四大悲劇 ： Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Othello 奧賽羅 King Lear 李爾王 The Tragedy of Macbeth 麥克白 四大喜?。?A Midsummer Night’ s Dream 仲夏夜之夢(mèng) The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人 As You Like It 皆大歡喜 Twelfth Night 第十二夜 十四行詩 P118賞析 Son 18: 或許我可用夏日將你作比方 /但你比夏日更可愛也更溫良 /夏風(fēng)狂作常會(huì)摧落五月的嬌蕊 /夏季的 期限也未免還不太長(zhǎng) /有時(shí)候天眼如炬人間酷熱難當(dāng) /但轉(zhuǎn)瞬又金面如晦常惹云遮霧障 /每一種美都終究會(huì)凋殘零落 /或見棄于機(jī)緣，或受挫于天道無常 /然而你永恒的夏季卻不會(huì)終止 /你優(yōu)美的形象也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消亡 /死神難夸口說你在它羅網(wǎng)中游蕩 /只因你借我的詩行便可長(zhǎng)壽無疆 /只要人口能呼吸，人眼看得清 /我這詩就長(zhǎng)存，使你萬世流芳 Theme： The poet writes beautifully on the conventional theme that his poetry will bring eternity to the one he loves and eulogizes. Shall I pare you to a summer39。s day?/You are more beautiful and gentle./Stormy winds will shake the May flowers,/and summer lasts for too short of a time./Sometimes the sun is too hot,/and many times it is overcast,/and everything beautiful eventually decays,/either by some unforseen circumstance, or nature39。s course./But your beauty will never fade/or lose its inherent loveliness,/even Death will not be able to claim you,/when in my eternal poetry you will grow./As long as there are people who see and breathe,/this will live and give you life. Son 29: 當(dāng)我受盡命運(yùn)和人們的白眼 /暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飄零 /徒用呼吁去干擾聾瞆的昊天 /顧盼著身影，詛咒自己的生辰 /愿我和另一個(gè)一樣富于希望 /面貌相似，又和他一樣廣交游 /希求這人的淵博，那人的內(nèi)行 /最賞心的樂事覺得最不對(duì)頭 /可是，當(dāng)我正要這樣看輕自己 /忽然想起了你，于是我的精神 /便像云雀破曉從陰霾的大地 /振翮上升，高唱著圣歌在天門 /一想起你的愛使我那么富有 /和帝王換位我也不屑于屈就 Theme： ① The poet plains of his own miseries and dissatisfaction in life and then bees happy upon the thought of the one he loves. ② Here Shakespeare is supposed to reveal his own thoughts and feelings, especially in the first octet. Son 106: 當(dāng)我從那湮遠(yuǎn)的古代的紀(jì)年 /發(fā)見那絕代風(fēng)流人物的寫真 /艷色使得古老的歌詠也香艷 /頌贊著多情騎士和絕命佳人 /于是，從那些國(guó)色天姿的描畫 /無論手腳、嘴唇、或眼睛或眉額 /我發(fā)覺那些古拙的筆所表達(dá) /恰好是你現(xiàn)在所占領(lǐng)的姿色 /所以他們的贊美無非是預(yù)言 /我們這時(shí)代，一切都預(yù)告著你 /不過他們觀察只用想象的眼 /還不夠才華把你歌頌得盡致 /而我們，幸而得親眼看見今天 /只有眼驚羨，卻沒有舌頭詠嘆 對(duì) 哈姆雷特獨(dú)白 P76 的理解 ： (可能是以 paraphrase 的形式考 )他想擺脫那腐朽的皮囊，逃離那牢獄似的世界，但又對(duì)黑暗的 王國(guó)心懷恐懼。矛盾重重的哈姆雷特在焦灼的內(nèi)心和冷酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)之間不得安寧。 譯文：生存或毀滅 , 這是個(gè)必答之問題 :是否應(yīng)默默的忍受坎苛命運(yùn)之
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