【正文】 beauty everlasting. Even “thou” can be abstract “l(fā)ove” or “beauty” which will bee eternal in the wonderful poem.莎士比亞詩歌的兩個主題：時光不饒人，青春和美麗是短暫的；只有詩歌才有力量使美麗與愛情永存。(theme: 只有文學(xué)可與時間抗衡 )Change, Fate, and EternityHowever much it might look he’s praising a beloved, this poet is definitely more concerned with tooting his own horn. Really, you could sum up the poem like this: Dear Beloved: You’re better than a summer’s day. But only because I can make you eternal by writing about you. Love, Shakespeare. That message is why images and symbols of time, decay, and eternity are all over this poem. Whether or not we think the beloved is actually made immortal (or just more immortal than the summer’s day) is up in the air, but it’s certainly what the speaker wants you to think.Line 4: This is where the speaker starts pointing to how short summer feels. Using personification and metaphor, the speaker suggests that summer has taken out a lease on the weather, which must be returned at the end of the summer. Summer is treated like a homerenter, while the weather is treated like a realestate property.Lines 78: These lines give us the problem (everything’s going to fade away) that the poet is going to work against.Lines 912: These lines are full of all sorts of figurative language, all pointing to how the speaker is going to save the beloved from the fate of fading away. The beloved’s life is described in a metaphor as a summer, and then his or her beauty is described in another metaphor as a modity than can be owned or owed. Death is then personified, as the overseer of the shade (a metaphor itself for an afterlife). Finally the lines to time are a metaphor for poetry, which will ultimately save the beloved, and eternal is a parallel with eternal summer in line 9.Lines 1314: What’s so interesting about these lines is that it’s hard to tell whether the speaker is using figurative language or not. Does he actually mean that the poem is alive, and that it will keep the beloved alive? Well, it depends what we mean by alive. If we read alive scientifically, as in breathing and thinking, well then alive is definitely a metaphor. But if we read it as describing a continued existence of some kind, well then maybe he does mean it literally, since surely the poem and the beloved exist for us in some sense.Sonnet 18 deals with the conventional theme that natural beauty will surely be knocked out with the passing of time and that only art (poetry) can bring eternity to the one the poet loves and eulogizes.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud P61我好似一朵孤獨的流云，高高地飄游在山谷之上，突然我看見一大片鮮花，是金色的水仙遍地開放，它們開在湖畔，開在樹下，它們隨風嬉舞，隨風波蕩。它們密集如銀河的星星，像群星在閃爍一片晶瑩，它們沿著海灣向前伸展，通往遠方仿佛無窮無盡；一眼看去就有千朵萬朵，萬花搖首舞得多么高興。粼粼湖波也在近旁歡跳，卻不如這水仙舞得輕俏；詩人遇見這快樂的旅伴，又怎能不感到欣喜雀躍；我久久凝視－－卻未領(lǐng)悟 這景象所給我的精神至寶。后來多少次我郁郁獨臥，感到百無聊賴心靈空漠；這景象便在腦海中閃現(xiàn)，多少次安慰過我的寂寞；我的心又隨水仙跳起舞來，我的心又重新充滿了歡樂。1. What is the relation between the poet and nature as described in the poem?ReferenceTheme of Man and the Natural World: Wordsworth is the granddaddy of all nature poets, and he’s in top form in I wandered lonely as a Cloud. In her journal entry about the day in question, Wordsworth39。s sister Dorothy wrote about their surprise at finding so many daffodils in such a strange place, next to a lake and under some trees. How’d those get there? she wondered, even guessing that maybe the seeds floated across the lake. The event is one of the minor miracles that nature produces all the time, as anyone who has seen the documentary Planet Earth or the Disney movie Earth knows. Wordsworth’s nature is full of life and vitality. He appreciates its wildness and unpredictability, but he humanizes the landscape and fits it to his own mind.Theme of Happiness I wandered lonely as a Cloud is a poem that just makes you feel good about life. It says that even when you are by yourself and lonely and missing your friends, you can use your imagination to fine new friends in the world around you. As John Milton famously wrote, The mind is its own place, and in itself, can make heaven of Hell, and a hell of Heaven. The speaker of this poem makes a heaven out of a windy day and a bunch of daffodils. His happiness does not last forever – he’s not that unrealistic – but the daffodils give him a little boost of joy whenever he needs it, like recharging his batteries.Theme of Spirituality The 19th century Scottish writer Thomas Carlyle coined the phrase natural supernaturalism, which has been used by later critics to describe how