【正文】 ed by a series of historical events. The new humanistic learning that resulted from the rediscovery of classical literature is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side. The influence of the Renaissance on future generations was to prove immense in many fields from art and literature to education, political science, and history. For centuries, most scholars have agreed that the modern ear of human history began with the Renaissance. 6. Son. It is a basic lyric form, consisting of 14 lines of iambic pentameter rhymed in various patterns. The Italian or Petrarchan son is divided clearly into octave and sestet, the first rhyming abab cdcd efef gg. In late 16thcentury England, sons were written either independently as short epigrammatic forms, or grouped in son sequences, . collections of upwards of a hundred poems, in imitation of Petrarch, purportedly addressed to one central figure or muse a lady usually with a symbolic name like “Stella” or “Idea”. Milton made a new kind of use of the Petrarchan form, and the Romantic poets continued in the Miltonic tradition. Several variations have been devised, including the addtion of “trails” or extra lines, or the recasting into 16 lines, instead of 14. Exercises A. Multiplechoice question 1. Which of the following in NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renassance? A. Exaltation of man?s pursuit of happiness in this life. B. Cultivation of the genuine flavor of ancient culture. C. Tolerance of human foibles. D. Praise of man?s effforts in having his soul delivered. 2. The most significant intellectual movement of the Renaissance was ___ A. the Reformaion B. humanism C. the Italian revival D. geographical explorations 3. What is the relationship between Claudius and Hamlet? A. Cousins. B. Uncle and nephew C. Fatherinlaw and soninlaw. D. Father and son 4. Which of the following plays does not belong to Shakespeare?s great tragedies? A. Romeo and Juliet B. King Lear C. Hamlet D. Macbeth 5. Which statement about the Elizabethan age is not true? A. It is the age of translation. B. It is the age of bourgeois revolution C. It is the age of exploration. D. It is the age of the protestant reformation. 6. In Hamlet?s soliloquy, when he says, “To sleep, perchabce to dream: ay, there?s the rub.” What is he primarily thinking about? 文學(xué)青年 @2班 英國文學(xué)史及選讀 主講教師：曹小雪 3 A. The bad dreams that have recently been troubling him. B. The fact that if dying is like going to sleep, then perhaps after death we have bad dreams. C. The sinful behavior of Gertrude, whose guilty dreams he would like to know. D. His desire to sleep so that he will not have to take vengeful action. 7. ______ first made blank verse the principal instrument of English drama. A. Shakespeare B. Wyatt C. Sidney D. Marlowe 8. “The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune” is an example of ____. A. allegory B. simile C. metaphor D. irony 10. In “Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew, / Thou mak?st thy knife keen”, Gratiano (a character in The Merchant of Venice) uses a rhetorical device called _____. A. hyperbole B. homonym C. paradox D. pun 11. Of the following lines from Milton?s Paradise Lost, what statement is correct? “To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee, and deify his power … that were low indeed, That were an ignominy, and shame beneath This downfall?！?” A. To beg God for mercy and worship his power were as low as this downfall. B. To beg God for mercy and worship his power were more shameful and disgraceful than this downfall. C. To beg God for mercy is more shameful than worship his power. D. To fight against God is as low as to worship Satan. 12. In the son “Death, Be Not proud”, Donne says to death: “Those whom thou think